Mexican Journal of Medical Research ICSA

Mental Health and Social Determinants and their relationship with Public Policies. A brief analysis

2024-08-09T14:40:44-06:00

This manuscript aimed to briefly analyze the historical background of the health-disease process and its implications for the role played by the individual in making healthy decisions. It is observed how the understanding of the process itself has initially placed the individual as an expectant being before specialized medical knowledge and the recommendations or interventions necessary to obtain health; however, as knowledge has advanced, this perspective has been surpassed because the material resources at the level of health systems have not worked to reduce mortality in populations. That is why we have opted for a vision of individual agency, however, in a more current vision for both physical and mental health, it is observed that contextual conditions such as social and material conditions have a great influence on individuals to choose their healthy behaviours.

Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatments for Cognitive Impairments in Older Adults with Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review

2024-08-09T14:40:44-06:00

Neurodegenerative disorders represent a public health problem with an increasing prevalence worldwide, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) being the most commonly diagnosed, accounting for 60-70% of cases in people over 65 years of age. AD causes problems in memory, thinking and behaviour, its symptoms develop slowly and worsen over time. Despite being an incurable disease, there are pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments that can alleviate the effects of AD. The aim of the present work was to perform a narrative review of the main treatments used for the cognitive deficits of this disease. Among the pharmacological treatments, those indicated according to the stage of the disease are discussed, such as cholinesterase inhibitors, immunotherapy, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, among others. Likewise, non-pharmacological treatments include strategies that have been used for cognitive stimulation and rehabilitation, reality orientation and reminiscence therapy, sensory stimulation techniques, among others. In conclusion, the combination of both treatments proves to be more effective in delaying deterioration in patients with AD, in addition, it is worth mentioning that, within the non-pharmacological treatments, cognitive stimulation is the most used strategy either alone or in combination with others to maintain cognitive and social functions and other activities of daily living, that is, the effectiveness of treatments may depend on the combination of appropriate actions.

Gender perspective and determinants associated with the women-informal or primary care link

2024-08-09T14:40:44-06:00

The primary caregiver is a fundamental part of the health-disease process of the patient with a disabling, chronic or transitory illness. The participation of women in care is greater compared to men, this happens in various studies of informal caregivers of various diseases or disabling conditions. Feminist economics, from the perspective of care economics, points out the importance of considering the determining role of gender relations to explain the concentration of women in care activities and the minimal or less favorable participation in the work market. The objective of this narrative review is to recognize some sociodemographic characteristics that allow the problem to be analyzed from a gender perspective, especially to make visible the determinants associated with the link between women and primary or informal care.

The recent approval of the national care system is a small advance in the challenge that care for primary caregivers entails, however, it is necessary to generate public policies that contribute to the well-being of caregivers, starting from the recognition of their needs in the different areas. It is important to consider social changes, population aging, the increase in the number of dependent people, whether due to age or disability, demographic changes, and new family, work and cultural models.

Interpretations of the determinants of health from feminist perspectives

2024-08-09T14:40:45-06:00

In this paper, an analysis is carried out on the model of health determinants proposed by Lalonde, from the point of view of feminist studies with the aim of reflecting on the conditions of women that must be taken into account in each of the determinants of health to contribute to the understanding of the importance of gender as an analytical category in women's well-being processes. Health care practices are determined by a series of norms created under an androcentric perspective that have excluded the specificities of women, generating inequalities and stigmas towards their discomforts.

Mild Neurocognitive Disorder: Clinical Manifestations and Treatment

2024-08-09T14:40:45-06:00

The decrease in fertility and the increase in the number of older people is a phenomenon that has never been observed before. This has brought with it an increase in chronic degenerative diseases, among which neurocognitive disorders stand out, particularly Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). This leads to deterioration in cognition and therefore a progression from mild to more severe levels such as major neurocognitive disorder (TNM). Although it is known that MCI is not synonymous with dementia, we must pay attention, since to a large extent people who suffer from mild cognitive impairment of amnestic time can develop Alzheimer's disease. That is why the purpose of the following article is to review and describe the epidemiology, risk factors, the main symptoms, as well as the treatments that have been developed for mild cognitive impairment such as pharmacological treatments, Cognitive Stimulation (CE). and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS).

Complicated grief as a mental health sequel derived from the COVID-19 pandemic

2024-08-09T14:40:45-06:00

The SARS-CoV2 pandemic is the third most serious coronavirus outbreak in less than 20 years, it has caused the death of millions of people around the world, mostly elderly people or those with a compromised immune status. This health emergency has become one of the main public health problems worldwide, precisely because of all the consequences to the physical and mental health of the population. Complicated grief represents one of the most obvious consequences, due to the multiple losses that the population experienced and that could not be experienced normally due to health restrictions. However, up to this point, little research has been carried out in this regard, so this article aims to demonstrate the importance of analyzing and studying this phenomenon to develop effective interventions.

Ethical aspects of bariatric surgery in children and adolescents

2024-08-13T13:02:03-06:00

Obesity in children and adolescents is a global health challenge, the prevalence is increasing worldwide. Importantly, being overweight and obese are linked to a higher risk of death compared to being underweight. The objective of the present narrative review was to discuss the main ethical challenges and implications of bariatric surgery in childhood and adolescence. The surgical treatment of morbid obesity in children and adolescents is accepted and performed in most American and European hospitals. It is a therapeutic modality that can be considered in a selected group of adolescents with severe obesity who meet the requirements and recommendations, with the aim of improving their quality of life, reducing metabolic risks, associated diseases and early mortality. Bariatric surgery should not be indicated as an isolated procedure, but rather should be associated with a set of interventions aimed at strengthening permanent changes in lifestyle.

Multiple root coverage with subepithelial connective tissue graft, 8-year follow-up: Case report.

2024-08-13T13:16:16-06:00

Some of the challenges of root coverage with connective tissue graft are donor site morbidity and patient discomfort from the surgical procedure, as well as poor patient cooperation in correcting and controlling precipitating and predisposing factors of gingival recession.

Objective: This case report shows a coronal displacement technique with a subepithelial connective tissue graft and a tunnel technique with a subepithelial connective tissue graft for root coverage of multiple maxillary and mandibular recessions, followed for 8 years.

Methodology: 44-year-old female patient, apparently healthy, presented with the query "My gums are going down and my teeth look longer", periodontal treatment was performed, scaling and root planing and subsequently root coverage with a displaced flap. coronal with and without graft of subepithelial connective tissue, tunnel technique with graft of subepithelial connective tissue and orthodontic treatment, periodontal support therapy was carried out 8 years after the surgical event.

Results: Results were obtained from 6 months, to the first, second and third year and finally in the eighth year, establishing periodontal health, healthy reduced periodontium, partial root coverage and aesthetic improvement, control of non-carious root lesions, absence of periodontal pockets and decreased dental sensitivity. The results of the percentage of root coverage in the eighth year, were comparable to those obtained in the 6 postoperative months, with the connective tissue graft technique in the postero-upper and lower teeth CTG plus CDF was 83.33%, in the postero-upper teeth of the left side, where the coronal displacement technique (CDF) was performed, obtained a coverage of 93.3%, as for the (CTG plus CDF) technique in upper anterior teeth it is 97.37%, CTG plus tunnel teeth Central and lateral incisors had 88% coverage percentage.

Conclusions: The root coverage technique with a coronal displacement collar with a graft of subepithelial connective tissue can be used successfully in the long term for the treatment of multiple gingival recessions, including reduced periodontium, obtaining in this clinical case partial coverage, allowing an aesthetic improvement. and considerable functional. of the patient at 8 years of follow-up.

Theoretical models that can be applied to address therapeutic adherence.

2024-08-13T13:28:16-06:00

Therapeutic adherence is defined by the WHO as "the degree to which patients' behavior, in relation to taking medication, following a diet or making lifestyle changes, corresponds to the recommendations agreed with the healthcare professional." Good adherence implies control of the disease, greater effectiveness of the treatment and an improvement in the patient's quality of life, while lack of adherence can lead to serious complications of the disease, ineffectiveness of the treatment and an increase in healthcare costs. Non-adherence to pharmacological treatment is a prevalent and relevant problem in clinical practice and needs to be addressed by interventions that are supported by using theoretical models of behavior change that focus on understanding and improving people's ability to follow medical indications. The aim of this review is to mention some theoretical models of behavioral change that can be used by health professionals as scientific support for the design of interventions to address nonadherence considering cognitive, motivational and environmental aspects.

Use of digital tools for Nasoalveolar modeling in patients with cleft lip and/or palate. Review article

2024-08-13T14:27:43-06:00

Cleft lip and palate is the most frequent congenital craniofacial malformation, produced by failure in partial or complete fusion of the facial processes during embryonic development, of multifactorial origin that requires multidisciplinary treatment for its correction. Pre-surgical orthopedics includes therapies prior to the surgical treatment of this congenital disease one of them is the Nasoalveolar Modeling whose main purpose is to take advantage of the potential growth of newborns to stimulate the closure of naso structures affected alveolars through intraoral and extraoral apparatus. The use of new technologies (3D printing, stereo-photogrammetry) has given great advances to the medical area, especially in NAM therapy to patients with LPH showing efficient results in the elaboration of aparatology and giving more accurate measurements of the reduction of spaces between birth and after NAM therapy.

Papain Gel as a Deproteinizing Agent for Tooth Enamel

2024-08-13T15:06:05-06:00

Papain gel has been shown to be an effective deproteinizing agent for tooth enamel in several studies. Papain, a proteolytic enzyme derived from papaya, has the ability to break down proteins and remove organic substances adhering to the surface of the enamel. Its application prior to enamel etching has demonstrated significant benefits, such as removing organic residues and improving the adhesion of dental materials. In addition, papain has been shown to be safe and biocompatible in its dental use. Its mechanism of action is based on its ability to break protein bonds, allowing a deep and effective cleaning of the enamel without compromising its structure. Therefore, this study aims to highlight the importance of papain as an effective and safe alternative in dental treatment, emphasizing its ability to improve the adhesion of dental materials and its specific mechanism of action in the removal of organic residues from tooth enamel.

Potential uses of Ustilago maydis

2024-10-02T12:40:37-06:00

Debido a la alta biodiversidad de los ecosistemas en México, existe una alta variedad de especies, algunas de las más abundantes son los hongos, pues se tiene un registro de aproximadamente 200 mil especies endémicas en México, tradicionalmente el uso que se le da a estos organismos es alimenticio y medicinal. Una de las especies más características de nuestro país es el Ustilago maydis conocido comúnmente como huitlacoche, el cual presenta diversas propiedades en su alto valor nutricional en aminoácidos, grasas, antioxidantes, proteínas y su uso relevante para tratar diferentes padecimientos dolorosos, estas aplicaciones han sido demostradas debido al interés farmacéutico e industrial que presenta esta especie, sin embargo, diferentes estudios demuestran que el U. maydis podría tener potenciales usos biotecnológicos.

Biocultural understanding of medicinal plants in Mexico

2024-08-13T15:34:07-06:00

Mexico has diverse climates, influenced by its latitude and complex topography, fosters a rich variety of wildlife and plants. Situated between North and South America, Mexico serves as a convergence point for species that were once isolated, contributing 70% of the world's flora and fauna. In Mexico, there's a long history of using plants for healing, dating back to pre-Hispanic times. The study of medicinal plants relies significantly on traditional healers, known as 'curanderos,' and individuals with knowledge of these plants. Pioneers like Roberto Escalante and Efraim Hernández X have shaped ethnobotany in Mexico, exploring human-plant relationships from anthropological and biological perspectives. The establishment of the National Medical Institute in 1890 was a significant moment for ethnobotany, currently known as National Herbarium of Mexico. Ethnobotany continues to contribute to discovering and developing medicines, connecting traditional knowledge with modern scientific advancements, where medicinal plants remain crucial in drug discovery.

Exploring the Role of Mindfulness in Breast Cancer: Outcomes and Perspectives

2024-08-13T15:41:10-06:00

Breast cancer represents a significant public health challenge, requiring treatment approaches that address psychosocial aspects to improve the quality of life for both patients and survivors. This review aims to explore the diverse effects of mindfulness-based interventions on outcomes in breast cancer patients and survivors. Despite the challenges in integrating MBIs into conventional oncological care, their importance cannot be underestimated. The findings highlight the considerable potential of MBIs in enhancing the well-being of individuals affected by breast cancer.