Tratamiento agudo de Leucemia Mielógena aguda en un hospital pediátrico Mexicano

Abstract

Acute leukemia is the most common malignancy in children, and nearly 35% of all childhood cancers. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) constitutes about 20% of acute leukemias. Initially, treatment of AML involves the immediate approach of emergencies associated as hyperleukocytosis, tumor lysis syndrome, hemorrhages and infections. Therefore we performed a retrospective, descriptive and transversal study to investigate the drugs used in patients with AML who were admitted at the Hospital del Niño DIF from 2007 to 2008. Data were collected from charts of the Hospital. The data included demographic, clinical data and those on drugs usage. A total of 13 patients (12 male and 1 female) were included (prevalence of 16.5% among all cancers in the hospital). The mean age of patients was 6.2  4.6 years. To date the mortality rate was 30.8%. Data were collected and 12 different drugs were given to the patients (10 antineoplastic agents, ondansetron and folinic acid). The median number of drugs/inpatient was 5.4 (3-9). Four-hundred thirty-one doses of antineoplastic drugs were administered in 409 sessions to the patients. The most used were cytarabine (55.9 %), followed by doxorubicin (7.2 %) and vincristine (6.7 %). Three-hundred twenty-four doses of ondansetron were administered in 409 sessions. It was observed that the AML is common in our hospital and there is a significant mortality rate. Also, the antineoplastic agent most used was the pyrimidine analogue cytarabine.