Propiedades termofísicas en materiales compuestos basados en polímeros y nanoparticulas conductoras

L. M. Ramírez Franco; L. P. Martínez Castillo; D. A. Cabrera Munguia; L. F. Cano Salazar; J. F. Lara Sánchez; V. J. Cruz Delgado

doi:10.29057/aactm.v13i13.17819

Autores/as

L. M. Ramírez Franco Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4992-5808
L. P. Martínez Castillo Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4052-6022
D. A. Cabrera Munguia Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-1915
L. F. Cano Salazar Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2437-3728
J. F. Lara Sánchez Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3636-8707
V. J. Cruz Delgado Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0891-7764

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29057/aactm.v13i13.17819

Palabras clave:

Materiales compuestos, Nanopartículas conductoras, Conductividad térmica, Nanocompuestos poliméricos, Gestión térmica

Resumen

Los compuestos poliméricos reforzados con nanopartículas conductoras surgen como una estrategia prometedora para superar la baja conductividad térmica de estos materiales, típicamente en el rango de 0.1 a 0.5 W·m^-1·K^-1. En este contexto, la incorporación de nanopartículas como grafeno, nanoplaquetas, nanotubos de carbono, partículas metálicas y cerámicas permite mejorar propiedades termofísicas como la conductividad y difusividad térmica, la capacidad calorífica y la estabilidad térmica. Se analizan los mecanismos de transporte de calor, incluyendo la formación de redes conductoras, la resistencia térmica interfacial y el umbral de percolación. Asimismo, se evalúa la influencia de métodos de síntesis como la polimerización in situ, el mezclado en solución y en fundido sobre la dispersión de las nanopartículas y las interacciones interfaciales. Finalmente, se abordan retos como la aglomeración, la escalabilidad y los costos, así como perspectivas futuras orientadas al desarrollo de materiales multifuncionales con aplicaciones en gestión térmica. Este trabajo presenta una revisión actualizada de las innovaciones más recientes en este campo.

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