Obtención de carbones activados a partir de residuos agroindustriales y su evaluación en la remoción de color y carga orgánica en lactosuero ácido
Palabras clave:
Residuos agrícolas, Precursores, Carbón activado, Capacidad adsorbente, Lactosuero
Resumen
Carbones activados son materiales que presentan propiedades específicas de interés, como estabilidad térmica, resistencia al ataque ácido, carácter hidrófobo, bajo costo relativo y especialmente una estructura porosa, propiedad que ha propiciado el aumento en el número de investigaciones destinadas a su producción y aplicación. Materiales adsorbentes muy efectivos por su estructura porosa altamente desarrollada, grandes áreas de superficie (500-3000 m2g-1), y características químicas variables. Son muy versátiles con numerosas aplicaciones en diversas áreas. Los residuos lignocelulósicos provenientes de productos del campo han sido utilizados actualmente como precursores para la obtención de productos potencialmente útiles y con mayor valor agregado, como es el caso de los carbones; a pesar de ello, hay una gran cantidad de residuos que se producen cada año y que requieren su eliminación, lo cual conduce a un problema ambiental. Una de las formas actuales para reducir residuos generados por la agroindustria es la valorización y uso de materias primas renovables. Por tal motivo, una opción viable es la conversión de este tipo de residuos en carbones activados para ser aplicados y evaluados en diversos problemas de contaminación ambiental. Obtener carbones activados a partir de residuos agroindustriales de cascarilla de cebada, olotes de maíz y hojas de agaves mediante métodos de activación física, química e inducida con microondas para evaluar su capacidad adsorbente en la reducción de color y carga orgánica remanentes de tratamientos de electrofloculación en lactosuero ácido, son los objetivos de este trabajo.
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Citas
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18. HOSEINZADEH, R., et al. The effects of a microwave heating method on the production of activated carbon from agricultural waste: A review. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2013, 100: 1-11.
19. OZDEMIR, I., et al. Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from grape stalk by zinc chloride activation. Fuel Processing Technology, 2014, 125: 200-206.
20. NIETO, C. y RANGEL, J. R. In situ transformation of agave bagasse into activated carbon by use of an environmental scanning electron microscope. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2013, 167: 249-253.
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401– 408.
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26. REDDY, K. S. et al. A comparison of microstructure and adsorption characteristics of activated carbons by CO2 and H3PO4 activation from date palm pits. New Carbon Materials, 2012, 27: 344-351.
27. LAMINE, S. M., et al. Chemical Activation of an Activated Carbon Prepared from Coffee Residue. Energy Procedia, 2014, 50: 393-400.
28. NUNELL, G. V., et al. Conversion of biomass from an invasive species into activated carbons for removal of nitrate from wastewater. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2012, 44: 87-95.
29. TREVIÑO, H., et al. Synthesis and adsorption properties of activated carbons from biomass of Prunus domestica and Jacaranda mimosifolia for the removal of heavy metals and dyes from water. Industrial Crops and Products, 2013, 42: 315– 323.
30. REFFAS, A., Carbons prepared from coffee grounds by H3PO4 activation: Characterization and adsorption of methylene blue and Nylosan Red N-2RBL. Journal of Hazardous Materials,
2010, 175: 779-788.
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33. LIOU, T. H. Development of mesoporous structure and high adsorption capacity of biomassbased activated carbon by phosphoric acid and zinc chloride activation. Chemical Engineering
Journal, 2010, 158: 129-142.
34. DE CELIS, J., et al. In situ modification of activated carbons developed froma native invasivewood on removal of trace toxic metals fromwastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 161: 217-223.
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36. BOUCHELTA, C., et al. Effects of pyrolysis conditions on the porous structure development of date pits activated carbon. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2012, 94: 215-222.
37. WU, M., et al. Preparation and characteristics of medicinal activated carbon powders by CO2 activation of peanut shells. Powder Technology, 2013, 247: 188-196.
38. XIN, Y., et al. Preparation and modification of activated carbon for benzene adsorption by steam activation in the presence of KOH. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2013, 23: 395-401.
39. PEREIRA, R. G. et AL. Preparation of activated carbons from cocoa shells and siriguela seeds using H3PO4 and ZnCl2 as activating agents for BSA and α-lactalbumin adsorption. Fuel
Processing Technology, 2014, 126: 476-486.
40. HESAS, R. H, et al. Preparation of granular activated carbon from oil palm shell by microwaveinduced chemical activation: Optimisation using surface response methodology. Chemical
Engineering Research and Design, 2013, 91: 2447-2456.
41. PRIETO, F., et al. Modification and chemical characterization of barley starch. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology (IJAST), 2012, Vol. 2(4), p.30-39.
42. SARMIENTO, C., et al. Preparación de carbón activado mediante la activación química de carbón mineral. Ciencia, 2004, 12(1), 52 – 63.
43. PRIETO García, J. O, et al. La adsorción y el intercambio de iones Níquel (II) utilizando cenizas de bagazo de caña de azucar. Avances en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente, 2009, 13: 47-54. Argentina. ISSN0329-5184.
44. BALCI, B., et al. Use of BDST and an ANN model for prediction of dye adsorption efficiency of Eucalyptus camaldulensis barks in fixed-bed system. Expert Systems with Applications 2011,
(38): 949-956.
Villanueva de Gállego, 2012. pp. 5-6.
2. PRÍAS, J. et al. Identificación de las variables óptimas para la obtención de carbón activado a partir del precursor Gadua Angustifolia Kunth. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., 2012, 35: 157-166.
3. SOLÍS, J., et al. Obtención de carbón activado a partir de residuos agroindustriales y su evaluación en la remoción de color del jugo de caña. Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal, 2012, 27(1): 36-48.
4. VALDÉS, H. y ZAROR, C. A. Influencia de la composición química superficial del carbón activado en la adsorción de benzotiazoles. Ingeniare, Revista Chilena de Ingeniería, 2010, 18(1):38-43.
5. RIVERA, J., M. et al. Activated carbon modifications to enhance its water treatment applications. An overview. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 187 1-23.
6. MUÑÓZ, G. Desarrollo de carbones activados magnéticos para la recuperación de oro en soluciones de cianuro. Avances, 2010, Vol. 2, Pags. C18-C24.
7. SALAS D. et al. Estudio preliminar de la adsorción de níquel y Cobalto utilizando carbón vegetal de conchas de coco. Tecnología Química, 2012, 32(2), 166-176.
8. BHATNAGAR, et al. An overview of the modification methods of activated carbon for its water treatment applications. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2013, 219: 499-511.
9. ABDULLAH, M. O., et al. Automobile adsorption air-conditioning system using oil palm biomass-based activated carbon: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011,
15(4): 2061-2072.
10. SHAFEEYAN, M. S., et al. A review on surface modification of activated carbon for carbon dioxide adsorption. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2010, 89: 143-151.
11. DEMIRBAS, A. Agricultural based activated carbons for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions: a review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 167(1-3): 1-9.
12. ROSAS, J. M., et al. On the preparation and characterization of chars and activated carbons from orange skin. Fuel Processing Technology, 2010, 91: 1345–1354.
13. WU, M., et al. Preparation and characteristics of medicinal activated carbon powders by CO2 activation of peanut shells. Powder Technology, 2013, 247: 188-196.
14. OMRIA, A., et al. Preparation, modification and industrial application of activated carbon from almond shell. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2013, 19: 2092-2099.
15. Ahmad, F., Daudb, W. M. A. W., Ahmad, M. A. y Radzi, R. (2013). The effects of acid leaching on porosity and surface functional groups of cocoa (Theobroma cacao)-shell based activated carbon. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 91: 1028–1038.
16. HAMEED, B. H., et al. Preparation of oil palm empty fruit bunch-based activated carbon for removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol: optimization using response surface methodology. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 164(2-3): 1316-1324.
17. WANG, Z., et al. Corn stalks char from fast pyrolysis as precursor material for preparation of activated carbon in fluidized bed reactor. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 167: 551-554.
18. HOSEINZADEH, R., et al. The effects of a microwave heating method on the production of activated carbon from agricultural waste: A review. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2013, 100: 1-11.
19. OZDEMIR, I., et al. Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from grape stalk by zinc chloride activation. Fuel Processing Technology, 2014, 125: 200-206.
20. NIETO, C. y RANGEL, J. R. In situ transformation of agave bagasse into activated carbon by use of an environmental scanning electron microscope. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2013, 167: 249-253.
21. PENG, C., et al. Promising activated carbons derived from waste tea-leaves and their application in high performance supercapacitors electrodes. Electrochimica Acta, 2013, 87:
401– 408.
22. ELMOUWAHIDI, A., et al. Activated carbons from KOH-activation of argan (Argania spinosa) seed shells as supercapacitor electrodes. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 111: 185-190.
23. VARGAS, A. M., et al. Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from a new raw lignocellulosic material: flamboyant (Delonix regia) pods. Journal of Environmental Management, 2011, 92(1): 178-184.
24. DING, L., et al. A simple route for consecutive production of activated carbon and liquid compound fertilizer from rice husk. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering
Aspects, 2014, 446: 90-96.
25. TIRYAKIA, B., et al. Comparison of activated carbon produced from natural biomass and equivalent chemical compositions. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2014, 105: 276-
283.
26. REDDY, K. S. et al. A comparison of microstructure and adsorption characteristics of activated carbons by CO2 and H3PO4 activation from date palm pits. New Carbon Materials, 2012, 27: 344-351.
27. LAMINE, S. M., et al. Chemical Activation of an Activated Carbon Prepared from Coffee Residue. Energy Procedia, 2014, 50: 393-400.
28. NUNELL, G. V., et al. Conversion of biomass from an invasive species into activated carbons for removal of nitrate from wastewater. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2012, 44: 87-95.
29. TREVIÑO, H., et al. Synthesis and adsorption properties of activated carbons from biomass of Prunus domestica and Jacaranda mimosifolia for the removal of heavy metals and dyes from water. Industrial Crops and Products, 2013, 42: 315– 323.
30. REFFAS, A., Carbons prepared from coffee grounds by H3PO4 activation: Characterization and adsorption of methylene blue and Nylosan Red N-2RBL. Journal of Hazardous Materials,
2010, 175: 779-788.
31. MA, X. y OUYANG, F. Adsorption properties of biomass-based activated carbon prepared with spent coffee grounds and pomelo skin by phosphoric acid activation. Applied Surface Science, 2013, 268: 566-570.
32. LIU, H., et al. Enhancement of Cr(VI) removal by modifying activated carbon developed from Zizania caduciflora with tartaric acid during phosphoric acid activation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2014, 246: 168-174.
33. LIOU, T. H. Development of mesoporous structure and high adsorption capacity of biomassbased activated carbon by phosphoric acid and zinc chloride activation. Chemical Engineering
Journal, 2010, 158: 129-142.
34. DE CELIS, J., et al. In situ modification of activated carbons developed froma native invasivewood on removal of trace toxic metals fromwastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 161: 217-223.
35. APPI. Fibrous materials and Pulp Testing T1-T270, Paper and Paperboard Testing T400-T550. Vol. 1. Technical Association of the Pulp and Papes Industry. TAPPI Press, Norcross, Georgia.
1990.
36. BOUCHELTA, C., et al. Effects of pyrolysis conditions on the porous structure development of date pits activated carbon. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2012, 94: 215-222.
37. WU, M., et al. Preparation and characteristics of medicinal activated carbon powders by CO2 activation of peanut shells. Powder Technology, 2013, 247: 188-196.
38. XIN, Y., et al. Preparation and modification of activated carbon for benzene adsorption by steam activation in the presence of KOH. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2013, 23: 395-401.
39. PEREIRA, R. G. et AL. Preparation of activated carbons from cocoa shells and siriguela seeds using H3PO4 and ZnCl2 as activating agents for BSA and α-lactalbumin adsorption. Fuel
Processing Technology, 2014, 126: 476-486.
40. HESAS, R. H, et al. Preparation of granular activated carbon from oil palm shell by microwaveinduced chemical activation: Optimisation using surface response methodology. Chemical
Engineering Research and Design, 2013, 91: 2447-2456.
41. PRIETO, F., et al. Modification and chemical characterization of barley starch. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology (IJAST), 2012, Vol. 2(4), p.30-39.
42. SARMIENTO, C., et al. Preparación de carbón activado mediante la activación química de carbón mineral. Ciencia, 2004, 12(1), 52 – 63.
43. PRIETO García, J. O, et al. La adsorción y el intercambio de iones Níquel (II) utilizando cenizas de bagazo de caña de azucar. Avances en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente, 2009, 13: 47-54. Argentina. ISSN0329-5184.
44. BALCI, B., et al. Use of BDST and an ANN model for prediction of dye adsorption efficiency of Eucalyptus camaldulensis barks in fixed-bed system. Expert Systems with Applications 2011,
(38): 949-956.
Publicado
2015-09-01
Cómo citar
Canales Flores, R., Prieto García, F., Otazo Sánchez, E., & Bolarín Miró, A. (2015). Obtención de carbones activados a partir de residuos agroindustriales y su evaluación en la remoción de color y carga orgánica en lactosuero ácido. Tópicos De Investigación En Ciencias De La Tierra Y Materiales, 2(2), 2-14. https://doi.org/10.29057/aactm.v2i2.9698
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