Employing of carbon paste electrodes (CPE) to evaluate the interactions between a galena mineral and typical reagents of flotation process
Abstract
An analysis is presented to evaluate the interactions of the galena mineral (PbS) and the typical reagents of the flotation process, using carbon paste electrodes (CPE) and electrochemical techniques. Comparative studies of voltammetry and resting potential variation were performed to evaluate the interactions between galena and sodium n-isopropyl xanthate (NaIPX), with and without prior conditioning. Tests with the blank solution (without xanthate) and the blank electrode (CPE-without mineral) were used to analyze the adsorption of xanthate and the reaction mechanisms between the species, at different pH. Analysis determined that xanthate adsorption occurs at potentials between -0.25 and 0.05 V, while flotation is favored at potentials between -0.05 to 0.05 V, due to the resting potential is close to the potential for Pb(X)2, S0 or X2 formation . Preconditioning of galena mineral surface with depressants, limits the kinetics of the xanthate adsorption process and the formation of hydrophobic species.
Downloads
References
Fuerstenau DW. Advances in Flotation Technology, Society for Mining Metallurgy & Exploration, Englewood, Colorado, 1999; p. 3.
Buckley AN, Hope GA, and Woods R. Solid-Liquid Interfaces, Ed. by K. Wandelt and S. Thurgate, Topics Appl. Phys. 2003; 85: 61-66.
Fuerstenau M C, Jameson G J, Yoon RH. Froth flotation: a century of innovation. SME, Littleton, Colorado, 2007; p. 6.
Bolin N J, and Laskowski J S. Polysaccharides in flotation of sulphides. Part II. Copper/lead separation with dextrin and sodium hydroxide, International Journal of Mineral Processing. 1991; 33(1-4): 235-241.
Chander S, Khan A. Effect of sulfur dioxide on flotation of chalcopyrite, International Journal of Mineral Processing 2000; 58(1-4): 45-55.
Qi L, Yahui Z. Effect of calcium ions and citric acid on the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from galena using dextrin, Minerals Engineering 2000; 13(13): 1405-1416.
Raju G, Holmgren A, Forsling W. Adsorption of dextrin at mineral/wáter interface, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1997; 193(2): 215-222.
Rath RK, Subramanian S. Adsorption, electrokinetic and differential flotation studies on sphalerite and galena using dextrin. International Journal of Mineral Processing 1999; 57(4): 265-283
Drzymala J, Kapusniak J, Tomasik P. Removal of lead minerals from copper industrial flotation concentrates by xanthate flotation in the presence of dextrin, International Journal of Mineral Processing 2003; 70(1-4): 147-155.
Grano SR, Prestidge CA, Ralston J. Sulphite modification of galena surfaces and its effect on flotation and xanthate adsorption. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 1997; 52(1): 1-29.
Urbano G, Lázaro I, Rodríguez I, Reyes JL, Larios R, Cruz R. Electrochemical and spectroscopic study of interfacial interactions between chalcopyrite and typical flotation process reagents. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 2016; 23(2): 127-136.
Richadson P. E, O’Dell C S. Semiconducting Characteristics of Galena Electrodes Relationship to Mineral Flotation, J. Electrochem. Soc. 1985; 132(6): 1350.
Woods R. Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry; [In] J. O. Bockris, B. E. Conway, R. E. White, Eds., Plenum Press: New York, 1996, No. 29, p. 401.
Woods R. In Principles of Mineral Flotation. The Wark Symposium; Jones, M. H., Woodcock, J. T., Eds.; Ausralasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AIMM): Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 1984; 91-116.
Dutra AJ, Espínola A, Sampaio J. A, Electrochemical depression of galena aiming at selective sulfide flotation. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 1997; 8(2): 193-196.
Chernyshova I. Anodic processes on a galena (PbS) electrode in the presence of n-butyl xanthate studied FTIR-Spectroelectrochemically, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2001; 105(34): 8185-8191.
Woods R. In Flotation; Fuerstenau, M. C., Ed.; American Institute of Mining and Petroleum Enginneer, Inc.: New York, 1976; A. M. Gaudin Memorial Volume, Vol. 1, p. 298-333.
Moreno-Medrano ED, Casillas N, Cruz R, Lara-Castro R. Study of adsorption of sodium isopropyl xanthate on galena, Mes Electrochemistry As A Tool for Sustainable Development, 2011; 36(1): 463.
Toperi D, Tolun R. Electrochemical study and thermodynamic equilibria of the galena-oxygen-xanthate flotation system. Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. C, 1969; 78: 191-197.
Gardner JR, Woods R. Electrochemical investigation of contact angle and of flotation in the presence of alkylxanthates. II. Galena and pyrite surfaces. Australian Journal of Chemistry, 1977; 30(5): 981-991.
Leppinen JO, Basilio CI, Yoon RH. In-situ FTIR study of ethyl xanthate adsorption on sulfide minerals under conditions of controlled potential. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 1989; 26(3-4): 259-274.
Chernyshova I. In situ FTIR-spectroelectrochemical study of the anodic processes on a galena (PbS) electrode under open-air conditions in the absence and presence of n-butyl xanthate. Langmuir, 2002 18(18): 6962-6968.
Urbano G, Meléndez AM, Reyes VE, Veloz MA, González I. Galvanic interactions between galena–sphalerite and their reactivity. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 2007; 82(3): 148-155.
Buckley AN, Woods R. Identifying chemisorption in the interaction of thiol collectors with sulfide minerals by XPS: adsorption of xanthate on silver and silver sulfide. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 1995; 104(2-3): 295-305.
Lekki J, Chmielewski T. Mechanizm sorpcji ksantogenianu na powierzchni galeny w zakresie stężeń stosowanych w praktyce flotacyjnej, Fizykochem. Probl. Mineralurgii, 1989; 21: 127-140.
Fuerstenau MC, Miller JD, Kuhn MC. Chemistry of Flotation,. Society of Mining Engineers of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers. Inc, New York. 1985.
