Síndrome de ovario poliquístico, más allá de una afección en la reproducción.
Resumen
En 1935 los ginecólogos Irving F. Stein y Michael L. Leventhal publicaron un estudio de siete casos de mujeres con trastornos menstruales, hirsutismo, infertilidad y con ovarios agrandados. Así, se identificó el síndrome de Stein-Leventhal, que a la postre es ampliamente conocido como síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP). Este síndrome es la enfermedad endocrina más común en mujeres en edad reproductiva. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es identificar las principales complicaciones en pacientes con SOP durante y después de la etapa reproductiva. Según los hallazgos de esta revisión, basados en la búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos publicados en español e inglés en bases de datos como PubMed, Google Academic y Europe PMC, las complicaciones en pacientes con SOP se pueden dividir en: complicaciones a corto plazo, entre las que se encuentran infertilidad, aborto espontáneo, preeclampsia y diabetes gestacional (DMG), y complicaciones a largo plazo como dislipidemia, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), enfermedad vascular cerebral (EVC), apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS), enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (HGNA), trastornos psicológicos como depresión y cáncer de endometrio. Ante esta situación se requiere brindar un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos que mejoren la calidad de vida de las mujeres con SOP y se prevenga el desarrollo de complicaciones.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Julieta Fuentes-Ibarra, Jorge Valencia-Ortega, Rebeca González-Reynoso, Renata Saucedo
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
