Disruptores Endocrinos y Obesidad: Mecanismos, Evidencia y Riesgos Emergentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29057/icsa.v14i27.14452Palabras clave:
Disruptores endocrinos DE, lipogénesis, metabolismo, obesidad,, obesógenos.Resumen
Los disruptores endocrinos son sustancias químicas capaces de alterar el equilibrio hormonal del cuerpo. En los últimos años se ha planteado la posibilidad de que agentes químicos tóxicos ambientales pudieran contribuir al aumento de la prevalencia de obesidad en la población. Esta revisión narrativa tiene como objetivo sintetizar la evidencia científica reciente sobre la relación entre la exposición a DEs y el desarrollo de obesidad. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed y ScienceDirect para estudios publicados entre 2015 y enero de 2025, seleccionando investigaciones en humanos y animales que examinaran esta asociación. Los hallazgos muestran que sustancias como el tributilestaño, bisfenol A y compuestos perfluorados influyen en la acumulación de grasa corporal, la adipogénesis y alteraciones metabólicas. Además, se observó que los efectos pueden variar según el sexo biológico y la etapa de desarrollo, sugiriendo un papel importante de la programación metabólica prenatal y perinatal. La evidencia respalda el papel de los DEs como factores de riesgo en la epidemia de obesidad, subrayando la necesidad de mayor investigación y políticas que regulen la exposición a estas sustancias.
Descargas
Información de Publicación
Perfiles de revisores N/D
Declaraciones del autor
Indexado en
- Sociedad académica
- N/D
Citas
[1] World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2024 [viewed 20 Jan 2025]. Available from: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases
[2] World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2024 [viewed 2025 Jan 20]. Available from: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
[3] García-Mayor RV, Larranaga A, Docet M, Lafuente A. Disruptores endocrinos y obesidad: obesógenos. Endocrinol Nutr. 2009;59(4):261-7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endonu.2011.11.008
[4] Lecube A, Monereo S, Rubio M, Martínez-de-Icaya P, et al. Prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la obesidad. Posicionamiento de la Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Obesidad de 2016. Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr. 2017;64:15-22. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endonu.2016.07.002
[5] Swinburn BA, Sacks G, Hall KD, McPherson K, Finegood DT, Moodie ML, Gortmaker SL. The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments. Lancet. 2011;378(9793):804-14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60813-1
[6] Romano Mozo D. Disruptores endocrinos: nuevas respuestas para nuevos retos [Internet]. Madrid: Instituto Sindical de Trabajo, Ambiente y Salud (ISTAS); 2012 [consultado el 20 de Enero 2025]. Disponible en: https://lac.saludsindanio.org/recursos/disruptores-endocrinos-nuevas-respuestas-para-nuevos-retos
[7] Kavlock RJ, et al. Research needs for the risk assessment of health and environmental effects of endocrine disruptors: a report of the U.S. EPA-sponsored workshop [Internet]. 1993 [viewed 2025 Jan 20]. Available from: https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/epdf/10.1289/ehp.96104s4715
[8] The Endocrine Society. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) [Internet]. [viewed 2025 Jan 20]. Available from: https://www.endocrine.org/topics/edc
[9] Heindel JJ, Howard S, Agay-Shay K, Arrebola JP, Audouze K, Babin PJ, Barouki R, Bansal A, Blanc E, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Chevalier N, Choudhury M, Collier D, Connolly L, Coumoul X, Garruti G, Gilbertson M, Hoepner LA, Holloway AC, et al. Obesity II: establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity. Biochem Pharmacol. 2022;199:115015. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115015
[10] Cave M, Falkner KC, Ray M, Joshi-Barve S, Brock G, Khan R, Bon Homme M, McClain CJ. Toxicant-associated steatohepatitis in vinyl chloride workers. Hepatology. 2010;51(2):474-81. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.23321
[11] Mullainathan V, Viswanathan MP, Karundevi B. Effect of bisphenol-A (BPA) on insulin signal transduction and GLUT4 translocation in gastrocnemius muscle of adult male albino rat. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2017 Sep;90:38-47. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2017.07.015
[12] Chiu K, Warner G, Nowak RA, Flaws JA, Mei W. The impact of environmental chemicals on the gut microbiome. Toxicol Sci. 2020;176(2):253-84. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfaa065
[13] Leyrolle Q, Cserjesi R, Mulders MDGH, Zamariola G, Hiel S, Gianfrancesco MA, Rodriguez J, Portheault D, Amadieu C, Leclercq S, Bindels LB, Neyrinck AM, Cani PD, Karkkainen O, Hanhineva K, Lanthier N, Trefois P, Paquot N, Cnop M, Thissen JP, et al. Specific gut microbial, biological, and psychiatric profiling related to binge eating disorders: a cross-sectional study in obese patients. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(4):2035-44. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.025
[14] Chamorro-Garcia R, Diaz-Castillo C, Shoucri BM, Käch H, Leavitt R, Shioda T, Blumberg B. Ancestral perinatal obesogen exposure results in a transgenerational thrifty phenotype in mice. Nat Commun. 2017;8:1. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01944-z
[15] Smith A, Yu X, Yin L. Diazinon exposure activated transcriptional factors CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and induced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2018;150:48-58. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.07.003
[16] Rubin BS, Paranjpe M, DaFonte T, Schaeberle C, Soto AM, Obin M, Greenberg AS. Perinatal BPA exposure alters body weight and composition in a dose specific and sex specific manner: the addition of peripubertal exposure exacerbates adverse effects in female mice. Reprod Toxicol. 2016;68:130-44. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.07.020
[17] Dusanov S, Ruzzin J, Kiviranta H, Klemsdal TO, Retterstøl L, Rantakokko P, Airaksinen R, Djurovic S, Tonstad S. Associations between persistent organic pollutants and metabolic syndrome in morbidly obese individuals. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2018;28(7):735-42. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2018.03.004
[18] Hong SH, Sung YA, Hong YS, Ha E, Jeong K, Chung H, Lee H. Urinary bisphenol A is associated with insulin resistance and obesity in reproductive-aged women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2017;86(4):506-12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.13270
[19] Høyer BB, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Vrijheid M, Valvi D, Pedersen HS, Zviezdai V, Jönsson BA, Lindh CH, Bonde JP, Toft G. Anthropometry in 5- to 9-year-old Greenlandic and Ukrainian children in relation to prenatal exposure to perfluorinated alkyl substances. Environ Health Perspect. 2015;123(8):841-6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408881
[20] Mora AM, Oken E, Rifas-Shiman SL, Webster TF, Gillman MW, Calafat AM, Ye X, Sagiv SK. Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and adiposity in early and mid-childhood. Environ Health Perspect. 2017;125(3):467-73. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP246
[21] Jaacks LM, Boyd Barr D, Sundaram R, Grewal J, Zhang C, Buck Louis GM. Pre-pregnancy maternal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and gestational weight gain: a prospective cohort study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;13(9):905. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13090905
[22] Vafeiadi M, Roumeliotaki T, Myridakis A, Chalkiadaki G, Fthenou E, Dermitzaki E, Karachaliou M, Sarri K, Vassilaki M, Stephanou EG, Kogevinas M, Chatzi L. Association of early life exposure to bisphenol A with obesity and cardiometabolic traits in childhood. Environ Res. 2016;146:379-87. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.017
[23] Braun JM, Li N, Arbuckle TE, Dodds L, Massarelli I, Fraser WD, Lanphear BP, Muckle G. Association between gestational urinary bisphenol A concentrations and adiposity in young children: the MIREC study. Environ Res. 2019;172:454-61. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.038
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Yadinka Yajahira Godínez López, Iliana Manjarrez Martínez

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.









