Impacto de la nutrición en la salud mental en adultos: depresión. Una revisión literaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29057/icsa.v14i27.14902Palabras clave:
Compuestos bioactivos, Función cerebral, Eje intestino-cerebro, Salud mental, Omega-3Resumen
La nutrición juega un papel crucial en la salud mental y la depresión, ya que una dieta equilibrada y rica en nutrientes puede ayudar a prevenir y tratarla. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el impacto de la nutrición en la salud mental en adultos. Se buscaron artículos en la base de datos internacional PUBMED utilizando términos de búsqueda específicos ((omega-3), (depression), (nutrition), (mental health), (brain function) (inflammation)). En este estudio se encontró que una dieta equilibrada y rica en nutrientes, como la dieta mediterránea puede ayudar a prevenir y tratar la depresión, además de que las intervenciones nutricionales como la suplementación con ácidos grasos Omega-3, también son efectivas cuando hablamos de reducción de síntomas de la depresión. El incremento en la dieta de aminoácidos, carbohidratos complejos, ácidos grasos, vitaminas y minerales y una disminución de alimentos procesados ejerce un efecto benéfico en la salud mental de adultos.
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[1] Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Depresión. [Internet]. 2023 [citado 17 de marzo de 2025] Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression?gad_source=1
[2] Penninx, B. W., Milaneschi, Y., Lamers, F., & Vogelzangs, N. (2013). Understanding the somatic consequences of depression: biological mechanisms and the role of depression symptom profile. BMC medicine, 11, 1-14.
[3] Cervantes-Pérez, L. A., de Acha Chávez, A. P., Rico-de la Rosa, L., Cervantes-Pérez, E., Robledo-Valdez, M., Cervantes-Guevara, G., ... & Cervantes-Pérez, G. (2022). El rol de la nutrición en la salud mental y los trastornos psiquiátricos: una perspectiva traslacional. Revista de Nutrición Clínica y Metabolismo, 5(1), 51-60.
[4] American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5ª ed.). 2013. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
[5] Sarris, J., Logan, A. C., & Akbaraly, T. N. Omega-3 fatty acids and depression: Scientific evidence and biological mechanisms. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2014. 34(5), 639-646.
[6] Young, S. N. How tryptophan hydroxylase activation increases serotonin synthesis and affects brain function. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience. 2007. 32(5), 287-294.
[7] Shaltiel, G., Mairet-Coello, G., & Barre, A. Monoamine oxidase B: A target for neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2013. 34(2), 251-265. doi: 10.3233/JAD-121792
[8] Bilici, M., Efe, H., Köroğlu, M. A., Uydu, H. A., Bekaroğlu, M., & Değer, O. Antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in major depression: Alterations by antidepressant treatments. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001. 64(2-3), 143-148. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(00)00201-5
[9] Cryan, J. F., & Dinan, T. G. Melancholic microbes: A link between gut bacteria and depression. Neurogastroenterology and Motility. 2012. 24(9), 713-719. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01945.x
[10] Raison, C. L., Rye, D. B., Woolwine, B. J., Vogt, G. J., Bautista, B. M., Spivey, J. R., & Miller, A. H. Chronic interferon-alpha administration disrupts sleep and mood in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017. 42(1), 221-228. doi: 10.1038/npp.2016.123
[11] Mayer, E. A. Gut feelings: The emerging biology of gut-brain communication. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2011. 12(8), 453-466. doi: 10.1038/nrn3071
[12] O'Mahony, S. M., Clarke, G., Borre, Y. E., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. Serotonin, tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut axis. Behavioural Brain Research. 2015. 277, 49-64. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.014
[13] Jiang, H., Ling, Z., Zhang, Y., Mao, H., Ma, Z., Yin, Y., ... & Ruan, B. Altered fecal microbiota composition in patients with major depressive disorder. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2015. 48, 124-132. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.03.016
[14] Lerner, V., Miodownik, C., & Gibel, A. Vitamin D deficiency in psychiatric patients: A review. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2017. 37(5), 561-566. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000755
[15] Valles-Colomer, M., Falony, G., & Darzi, A. The gut microbiome in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nature Microbiology, 2020. 5(11), 1433-1444.
[16] Ng QX, Peters C, Ho KY. Probiotics and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut Microbes. 2021;12(1):1-13.
[17] Grosso G, et al. La relación entre la dieta y la salud mental: una revisión sistemática. Nutrición y Salud. 2022;12(2):1-15.
[18] Wang Y, et al. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites regulate chronic inflammation through modulation of the immune system. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):1-12. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-43142-4
[19] Kang DW, et al. Gut microbiota influences cortisol regulation in the body. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021;124:105033.
[20] Shen W, et al. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites regulate insulin sensitivity through modulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):1-12. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29449-5
[21] Mullur R, et al. Gut microbiota influences thyroid hormone regulation in the body. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(11):3421-3431.
[22] Kirschbaum C, et al. Gut microbiota influences progesterone regulation in the body. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021;124:105034.
[23] Kang DW, et al. Gut microbiota influences adrenaline regulation in the body. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021;124:105035.
[24] Santos PM, Santos JC, Goulart LR. Opioid peptides produced by gut microbiota: A review. J Neurosci Res. 2020;98(6):931-943.
[25] Zhang Y, et al. Gut microbiota influences dopamine regulation in the body. Neuropharmacology. 2022;207:113146.
[26] Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Gut microbiota-derived neurotrophic peptides improve depression-like behavior in mice. Neuropharmacology. 2022;207:113144.
[27] Sarris J, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids in depression: A review of three decades of research. Mol Psychiatry. 2014;19(12):1265-1274.
[28] Grosso G, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids and depression: Scientific evidence and biological mechanisms. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:1-13.
[29] Jacka FN, et al. Nutrient intakes and depressive symptoms in a community sample. J Affect Disord. 2012;136(1-2):85-94.
[30] Lai JS, Hileman C, Messing S. A systematic review of the relationship between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms in adults. J Affect Disord. 2014;168:1-11.
[31] Grosso G, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids and depression: A systematic review. Nutrients. 2020;12(11):1-13.
[32] Liao Y, Xie B, Zhang L. Omega-3 fatty acids and depression: A review of the evidence. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2022;42(1):1-8.
[33] Gertsik L, Poland RE, Bresee C. Omega-3 fatty acid augmentation of antidepressant treatment for patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord. 2020;260:345-354.
[34] Coppen A, Bolander-Gouaille C. Treatment of depression: Time to consider folic acid and vitamin B12. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2020;40(1):3-11.
[35] Coppen A, Bailey J, Laundy M. Treatment of depression: time to consider folic acid and vitamin B12. J Affect Disord. 2022;296:345-354.
[36] Bottiglieri T, et al. Homocysteine, folate, methylation, and monoamine metabolism in depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020;91(3):253-258.
[37] Lamberg-Allardt CJ. Vitamin D and depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2020;40(1):13-15.
[38] Spedding S. Vitamin D and depression: A review of the evidence. J Affect Disord. 2022;296:355-363.
[39] Ng QX, Peters C, Ho KY. Probiotics and depression: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2022;296:364-373.
[40] Lai JS, Hileman C, Messing S. Carbohydrate intake and depressive symptoms in adults: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2022;296:374-383.
[41] Ng F, Berk M, Dean O. Antioxidants and depression: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2022;296:384-393.
[42] Psaltopoulou T, et al. Diet, lifestyle, and cognitive function in the elderly: A systematic review. J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;33(2):313-324.
[43] Jacka FN, et al. A randomised controlled trial of dietary improvement for adults with major depression (the 'SMILES' trial). BMC Med. 2017;15(1):1-11.
[44] Eby GA, Eby KL. Rapid recovery from major depression using magnesium treatment. Med Hypotheses. 2010;74(3):649-651.
[45] Hutto BR, et al. Vitamin B12 and depression: A review of the evidence. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017;37(5):551-558.
[46] González-Rábago Y, et al. Dietary patterns and depression in a Mexican population. Journal of affective Disorders. 2020; 260: 12-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.014
[47] López-Rodríguez G, et al. The traditional Mexican Diet: AReview of its Nutritional and Health Benefits. Nutients. 2019; 11(11): 2512. doi 10.3390.nu11112512
[48] García castillo S, et al. Traditional Mexican Foods: A Review of their Nutritional and Cultural Significance. Journal of Food Science. 2018; 83(5): S1448-S1456. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.14164
[49] Kim J, Lee S. The role of TNF-α and IL-β in the development of metabolic diseases. J Clin Invest. 2019;129(10):4391-4400
[2] Penninx, B. W., Milaneschi, Y., Lamers, F., & Vogelzangs, N. (2013). Understanding the somatic consequences of depression: biological mechanisms and the role of depression symptom profile. BMC medicine, 11, 1-14.
[3] Cervantes-Pérez, L. A., de Acha Chávez, A. P., Rico-de la Rosa, L., Cervantes-Pérez, E., Robledo-Valdez, M., Cervantes-Guevara, G., ... & Cervantes-Pérez, G. (2022). El rol de la nutrición en la salud mental y los trastornos psiquiátricos: una perspectiva traslacional. Revista de Nutrición Clínica y Metabolismo, 5(1), 51-60.
[4] American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5ª ed.). 2013. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
[5] Sarris, J., Logan, A. C., & Akbaraly, T. N. Omega-3 fatty acids and depression: Scientific evidence and biological mechanisms. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2014. 34(5), 639-646.
[6] Young, S. N. How tryptophan hydroxylase activation increases serotonin synthesis and affects brain function. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience. 2007. 32(5), 287-294.
[7] Shaltiel, G., Mairet-Coello, G., & Barre, A. Monoamine oxidase B: A target for neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2013. 34(2), 251-265. doi: 10.3233/JAD-121792
[8] Bilici, M., Efe, H., Köroğlu, M. A., Uydu, H. A., Bekaroğlu, M., & Değer, O. Antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in major depression: Alterations by antidepressant treatments. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2001. 64(2-3), 143-148. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(00)00201-5
[9] Cryan, J. F., & Dinan, T. G. Melancholic microbes: A link between gut bacteria and depression. Neurogastroenterology and Motility. 2012. 24(9), 713-719. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01945.x
[10] Raison, C. L., Rye, D. B., Woolwine, B. J., Vogt, G. J., Bautista, B. M., Spivey, J. R., & Miller, A. H. Chronic interferon-alpha administration disrupts sleep and mood in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017. 42(1), 221-228. doi: 10.1038/npp.2016.123
[11] Mayer, E. A. Gut feelings: The emerging biology of gut-brain communication. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2011. 12(8), 453-466. doi: 10.1038/nrn3071
[12] O'Mahony, S. M., Clarke, G., Borre, Y. E., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. Serotonin, tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut axis. Behavioural Brain Research. 2015. 277, 49-64. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.014
[13] Jiang, H., Ling, Z., Zhang, Y., Mao, H., Ma, Z., Yin, Y., ... & Ruan, B. Altered fecal microbiota composition in patients with major depressive disorder. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2015. 48, 124-132. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.03.016
[14] Lerner, V., Miodownik, C., & Gibel, A. Vitamin D deficiency in psychiatric patients: A review. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2017. 37(5), 561-566. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000755
[15] Valles-Colomer, M., Falony, G., & Darzi, A. The gut microbiome in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nature Microbiology, 2020. 5(11), 1433-1444.
[16] Ng QX, Peters C, Ho KY. Probiotics and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut Microbes. 2021;12(1):1-13.
[17] Grosso G, et al. La relación entre la dieta y la salud mental: una revisión sistemática. Nutrición y Salud. 2022;12(2):1-15.
[18] Wang Y, et al. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites regulate chronic inflammation through modulation of the immune system. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):1-12. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-43142-4
[19] Kang DW, et al. Gut microbiota influences cortisol regulation in the body. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021;124:105033.
[20] Shen W, et al. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites regulate insulin sensitivity through modulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):1-12. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29449-5
[21] Mullur R, et al. Gut microbiota influences thyroid hormone regulation in the body. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(11):3421-3431.
[22] Kirschbaum C, et al. Gut microbiota influences progesterone regulation in the body. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021;124:105034.
[23] Kang DW, et al. Gut microbiota influences adrenaline regulation in the body. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021;124:105035.
[24] Santos PM, Santos JC, Goulart LR. Opioid peptides produced by gut microbiota: A review. J Neurosci Res. 2020;98(6):931-943.
[25] Zhang Y, et al. Gut microbiota influences dopamine regulation in the body. Neuropharmacology. 2022;207:113146.
[26] Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Gut microbiota-derived neurotrophic peptides improve depression-like behavior in mice. Neuropharmacology. 2022;207:113144.
[27] Sarris J, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids in depression: A review of three decades of research. Mol Psychiatry. 2014;19(12):1265-1274.
[28] Grosso G, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids and depression: Scientific evidence and biological mechanisms. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:1-13.
[29] Jacka FN, et al. Nutrient intakes and depressive symptoms in a community sample. J Affect Disord. 2012;136(1-2):85-94.
[30] Lai JS, Hileman C, Messing S. A systematic review of the relationship between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms in adults. J Affect Disord. 2014;168:1-11.
[31] Grosso G, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids and depression: A systematic review. Nutrients. 2020;12(11):1-13.
[32] Liao Y, Xie B, Zhang L. Omega-3 fatty acids and depression: A review of the evidence. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2022;42(1):1-8.
[33] Gertsik L, Poland RE, Bresee C. Omega-3 fatty acid augmentation of antidepressant treatment for patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord. 2020;260:345-354.
[34] Coppen A, Bolander-Gouaille C. Treatment of depression: Time to consider folic acid and vitamin B12. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2020;40(1):3-11.
[35] Coppen A, Bailey J, Laundy M. Treatment of depression: time to consider folic acid and vitamin B12. J Affect Disord. 2022;296:345-354.
[36] Bottiglieri T, et al. Homocysteine, folate, methylation, and monoamine metabolism in depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020;91(3):253-258.
[37] Lamberg-Allardt CJ. Vitamin D and depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2020;40(1):13-15.
[38] Spedding S. Vitamin D and depression: A review of the evidence. J Affect Disord. 2022;296:355-363.
[39] Ng QX, Peters C, Ho KY. Probiotics and depression: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2022;296:364-373.
[40] Lai JS, Hileman C, Messing S. Carbohydrate intake and depressive symptoms in adults: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2022;296:374-383.
[41] Ng F, Berk M, Dean O. Antioxidants and depression: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2022;296:384-393.
[42] Psaltopoulou T, et al. Diet, lifestyle, and cognitive function in the elderly: A systematic review. J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;33(2):313-324.
[43] Jacka FN, et al. A randomised controlled trial of dietary improvement for adults with major depression (the 'SMILES' trial). BMC Med. 2017;15(1):1-11.
[44] Eby GA, Eby KL. Rapid recovery from major depression using magnesium treatment. Med Hypotheses. 2010;74(3):649-651.
[45] Hutto BR, et al. Vitamin B12 and depression: A review of the evidence. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017;37(5):551-558.
[46] González-Rábago Y, et al. Dietary patterns and depression in a Mexican population. Journal of affective Disorders. 2020; 260: 12-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.014
[47] López-Rodríguez G, et al. The traditional Mexican Diet: AReview of its Nutritional and Health Benefits. Nutients. 2019; 11(11): 2512. doi 10.3390.nu11112512
[48] García castillo S, et al. Traditional Mexican Foods: A Review of their Nutritional and Cultural Significance. Journal of Food Science. 2018; 83(5): S1448-S1456. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.14164
[49] Kim J, Lee S. The role of TNF-α and IL-β in the development of metabolic diseases. J Clin Invest. 2019;129(10):4391-4400
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Publicado
2025-12-05
Cómo citar
Cervantes-Elizarrarás, A., Tenorio-Miranda, L. A., Zafra-Rojas, Q. Y., & Ariza-Ortega, J. A. (2025). Impacto de la nutrición en la salud mental en adultos: depresión. Una revisión literaria. Educación Y Salud Boletín Científico Instituto De Ciencias De La Salud Universidad Autónoma Del Estado De Hidalgo, 14(27), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.29057/icsa.v14i27.14902
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Artículos de revisión narrativa
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Derechos de autor 2025 Alicia Cervantes-Elizarrarás, Libni A. Tenorio-Miranda, Quinatzin Y. Zafra-Rojas, José A. Ariza-Ortega
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
