Efectos del kéfir como coadyuvante en la enfermedad de hígado graso no alcohólico: revisión sistemática de la evidencia clínica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29057/icsa.v14i28.17021Palabras clave:
Hígado graso, Síndrome metabólico, Resistencia a la insulina, Microbiota, Kéfir, ProbióticosResumen
La enfermedad de hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) es una de las principales causas de morbilidad hepática global, asociada con factores como obesidad, resistencia a la insulina y síndrome metabólico. La prevalencia global de la enfermedad se estima en un 25% en adultos. Su progresión puede llevar a complicaciones graves como la cirrosis y el carcinoma hepatocelular. Recientemente, se ha enfocado la investigación en el eje intestino-hígado como un mecanismo clave en la fisiopatología de la EHGNA, y se han explorado tratamientos que modulen la microbiota intestinal, como el kéfir, una bebida láctea fermentada. El kéfir ha mostrado en estudios experimentales efectos antioxidantes, antiinflamatorios y beneficios sobre el metabolismo lipídico. En modelos animales, se ha demostrado que los péptidos derivados del kéfir reducen indicadores como los niveles de ALT, triglicéridos e insulina. Sin embargo, la evidencia clínica en humanos es limitada. Un ensayo reciente de 8 semanas con 80 pacientes con NAFLD encontró mejoras significativas en el colesterol HDL y la masa libre de grasa, pero no en las aminotransferasas hepáticas o en otros indicadores metabólicos. En esta revisión sistemática, se examinaron estudios clínicos que analizaron el efecto del kéfir en la progresión de la EHGNA. Los resultados indicaron efectos limitados, pero positivos, sobre ciertos marcadores metabólicos como el colesterol HDL y la masa libre de grasa. Sin embargo, no se observaron mejoras significativas en la función hepática o en los marcadores inflamatorios. La falta de evidencia sólida sugiere que se necesitan más estudios controlados para evaluar el potencial terapéutico del kéfir en la EHGNA. Se recomienda la realización de investigaciones futuras con diseños más robustos y un enfoque más específico en los efectos del kéfir sobre la microbiota intestinal y los mecanismos moleculares involucrados.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Arleth Hernandez Gayosso, Josefina Reynoso Vázquez , Claudia Izbeth Dimas Reséndiz , Arturo Salazar Campos, María Del Carmen Alejandra Hernández Ceruelos

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