Composición y aplicaciones clínicas de especies de chiles (Capsicum spp.) domesticados
Resumen
El género Capsicum es originario de América Latina y se expandió a otros continentes mediante intercambio de especias. Su fruto se utiliza fresco o seco para aportar color, sabor y olor a platillos, ensaladas y salsas. Posee gran relevancia comercial a nivel mundial, siendo los principales países productores China, México y Turquía. Existen cinco especies domesticadas que son: C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. pubescens, C. frutescens y C. annuum. En general, los frutos de Capsicum disponen de gran variedad de tamaños y formas, y de acuerdo a su estado de madurez presentan cambios en las tonalidades, que van del verde a tonos amarillos, rojos y rojos intensos. Los frutos poseen compuestos bioactivos que pueden proveer efectos benéficos en la salud. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una revisión sobre los compuestos bioactivos de las diferentes especies domesticadas del género Capsicum y sus recientes aplicaciones clínicas. Debido a los componentes bioactivos de las especies de Capsicum, los estudios demuestran efectos benéficos en la prevención y tratamiento sobre enfermedades no transmisibles, efectos antiinflamatorios, control de peso, cardiovasculares, antidiabéticos, gastrointestinales y cancerígenos. Las especies de Capsicum tienen un notable papel en el campo médico debido a su capacidad de modular y modificar diversos procesos a nivel biológico.
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