Efecto protector órgano selectivo de extractos de Psidium guajava L. contra el daño oxidativo en ratas Wistar obesas.
Resumen
Antecedentes: Durante la obesidad hay un aumento del estrés oxidativo que resulta en el desarrollo de diferentes enfermedades, por lo que los antioxidantes se pueden utilizar para prevenir el daño oxidativo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el efecto de los antioxidantes del extracto de guayaba sobre la reducción del daño oxidativo en diferentes órganos de ratas obesas. Métodos: Se realizaron dos extracciones para obtener el extracto de guayaba (EG), la primera con metanol y la segunda con acetona, ambas fueron mezcladas y se analizó la actividad y el contenido antioxidantes, el EG se concentró y se utilizó en ratas macho Wistar obesas. Tres grupos de 8 animales cada uno se formaron y alimentaron con una dieta normal (Ct), una dieta alta en grasas (grupo AG) y una dieta alta en grasas enriquecido con extracto de fruta de guayaba (AG+EG) durante 4 meses. Resultados: La determinación de ácido fenólico y ácido ascórbico del EG, mostró un alto contenido de antioxidantes (3323.0±23.3 mg de GAE/100g bs y 2508.0±143.8 mg de AAE/100g bs, respectivamente), al igual que actividad antioxidante determinada por ABTS•+ y DPPH• (17500.0±888.1 μmol TE/100g bs y 27804.0±94.0 μmol TE/100g bs, respectivamente). Por otro lado, la dieta alta en grasa produjo un incremento en la peroxidación lipídica en hígado y cerebro (3.40±1.05 y 3.99±1.49 nmol MDA/ml, respectivamente). El enriquecimiento de esta dieta con EG, redujo los niveles del daño a los lípidos tanto en el hígado y como el corazón (1.94±0.67 y 2.16±1.21 nmol MDA/ml, respectivamente). Mientras que el cerebro se mantuvo con altos niveles de peroxidación lipídica. Conclusión: Los resultados muestran que el extracto de guayaba tiene una acción de protección selectiva contra el daño oxidativo y su uso como un efecto potencial para prevenir el desarrollo de enfermedades no transmisibles asociadas con la obesidad.
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