Tratamiento y prevención de la obesidad: Saponinas como alternativa
Resumen
La obesidad es un problema de salud pública en México, debido a la alta prevalencia en la población, sus tratamientos actuales van desde nutricional, farmacológico hasta quirúrgico. A pesar de las posibilidades que existen para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad, la mayoría de las personas con esta condición no obtienen resultados satisfactorios. Los estudios han relacionado los compuestos bioactivos como una alternativa en la prevención de enfermedades, entre ellas la obesidad, por lo que el uso de un compuesto bioactivo que brinde beneficios tendría un gran impacto en la población. Entre estos compuestos se encuentran las saponinas que son metabolitos secundarios de las plantas y se les han atribuido múltiples beneficios en el tratamiento de la obesidad, como participación en hormonas reguladoras del apetito, inhibición de enzimas lipídicas, por mencionar algunos, por lo que la evidencia científica sugiere su uso como coadyuvantes. en el tratamiento de la obesidad.
Descargas
Citas
Chooi YC, Ding C, Magkos F. The epidemiology of obesity ☆. 2019 [cited 2021 Dec 8]; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2018.09.005
Bray G, Kim K, Wilding J. Obesity: a chronic relapsing progressive disease process. A position statement of the World Obesity Federation. Obesity Reviews [Internet]. 2017 Jul 1 [cited 2020 Sep 3];18(7):715–23. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/obr.12551
Alonso N, González A. La obesidad. Clasificación. Causas que la provocan. Consecuencias para la salud. Medidas para combatirla. Anatomía Digital [Internet]. 2019 Jul 4 [cited 2020 Sep 4];2(3):18–33. Available from: www.anatomiadigital.org
González-Muniesa P, Mártinez-González M, Hu F, Després J, Matsuzawa Y, Loos R, et al. Obesity. Nature Reviews Disease Primers [Internet]. 2017 Jun 15 [cited 2020 Sep 4];3(1):1–18. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/nrdp201734
Ferreira A. Artículos de revisión Tratamiento farmacológico de la obesidad. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2018;56(4):395–409.
Ruban A, Stoenchev K, Ashrafian H, Teare J. Current treatments for obesity. Clinical Medicine [Internet]. 2019 May 1 [cited 2022 Feb 9];19(3):205. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC6542229/
Vincken JP, Heng L, de Groot A, Gruppen H. Saponins, classification and occurrence in the plant kingdom. Phytochemistry. 2007 Feb 1;68(3):275–97.
Navarro del Hierro J, Herrera T, Fornari T, Reglero G, Martin D. The gastrointestinal behavior of saponins and its significance for their bioavailability and bioactivities. Journal of Functional Foods. 2018 Jan 1;40:484–97.
Liu W, Zheng Y, Han L, Wang H, Saito M, Ling M, et al. Saponins (Ginsenosides) from stems and leaves of Panax quinquefolium prevented high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Phytomedicine. 2008 Dec 1;15(12):1140–5.
Kim J, Hahm D, Yang D, Kim J, Lee H, Shim I. Effect of Crude Saponin of Korean Red Ginseng on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in the Rat. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences [Internet]. 2005 Jan [cited 2020 Sep 4];97(1):124–31. Available from: http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.JSTAGE/jphs/FP0040184?from=CrossRef
Zhao HL, Sim JS, Shim SH, Ha YW, Kang SS, Kim YS. Antiobese and hypolipidemic effects of platycodin saponins in diet-induced obese rats: evidences for lipase inhibition and calorie intake restriction. International Journal of Obesity 2005 29:8 [Internet]. 2005 Apr 19 [cited 2021 Dec 9];29(8):983–90. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/0802948
Huang Y, Ye T, Liu C, Fang F, Chen Y, Dong Y. Maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation affects hepatic lipid metabolism in early life of offspring rat. J Biosci [Internet]. 2017 Jun 1 [cited 2021 Dec 8];42(2):311–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28569254/
Puppala S, Li C, Glenn JP, Saxena R, Gawrieh S, Quinn A, et al. Primate fetal hepatic responses to maternal obesity: epigenetic signalling pathways and lipid accumulation. J Physiol [Internet]. 2018 Dec 1 [cited 2021 Dec 8];596(23):5823–37. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29516496/
Acosta A, Camilleri M, Shin A, Vazquez-Roque M, Iturrino J, Burton D, et al. Quantitative gastrointestinal and psychological traits associated with obesity and response to weight-loss therapy. Gastroenterology. 2015 Mar 1;148(3):537-546.e4.
Yamauchi, F. Castro A. Obesidade, adiposopatia e biomarcadores de imagem quantitativa [Internet]. Vol. 50, Radiologia Brasileira. Colegio Brasileiro de Radiologia; 2017 [cited 2020 Sep 4]. p. VII–VIII. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2017.50.3e2
Michopoulos V, Ethun K, Wilson ME. Psychosocial stress and dietary environment promote emotional feeding in female rhesus monkeys. Neuromethods. 2021;161:95–114.
WHO. WHO | Childhood overweight and obesity. WHO [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2020 Sep 4]; Available from: http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/childhood/en/
Gómez-Cuevas R, Valenzuela-Montero A. II consenso lationamericano de obesidad . Vol. II. 2017. 45–47 p.
Perez-Galarza J, Baldeón L, Franco OH, Muka T, Drexhage HA, Voortman T, et al. Prevalence of overweight and metabolic syndrome, and associated sociodemographic factors among adult Ecuadorian populations: the ENSANUT ECU study. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 2021;(44):63–74.
Torres F, Rojas A, Torres F, Rojas A. Obesidad y salud pública en México: transformación del patrón hegemónico de oferta-demanda de alimentos. Probl Desarro [Internet]. 2018 Apr 1 [cited 2021 Dec 9];49(193):145–69. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0301-70362018000200145&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Salud IN de. ENSANUT 2018-19.
Rodrigo-Cano, S. Soriano del Castillo, J. Merino-Torres F. Artículo Original Causas y tratamiento de la obesidad. Nutr clín diet hosp. 2017;37(4):82–92.
Julia A, Milian G, David E, García C. La obesidad como factor de riesgo, sus determinantes y tratamiento Obesity as a risk factor, its determinants and treatment. Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2021 Dec 9];32(3). Available from: http://scielo.sld.cuhttp://scielo.sld.cu2
Arterburn DE, Telem DA, Kushner RF, Courcoulas AP. Benefits and Risks of Bariatric Surgery in Adults: A Review. JAMA [Internet]. 2020 Sep 1 [cited 2021 Dec 9];324(9):879–87. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32870301/
McPherson PAC, McEneny J. The biochemistry of ketogenesis and its role in weight management, neurological disease and oxidative stress. Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry 2011 68:1 [Internet]. 2011 Oct 8 [cited 2021 Dec 9];68(1):141–51. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13105-011-0112-4
Castellana M, Conte E, Cignarelli A, Perrini S, Giustina A, Giovanella L, et al. Efficacy and safety of very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) in patients with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 2019 21:1 [Internet]. 2019 Nov 9 [cited 2021 Dec 9];21(1):5–16. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11154-019-09514-y
Apovian C, Aronne L, Bessesen D, Mcdonnell M, Murad M, Pagotto U, et al. Pharmacological Management of Obesity: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. 2015) jcem.endojournals.org J Clin Endocrinol Metab [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2020 Sep 4];100(2):342–62. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/100/2/342/2813109
Narayanaswami V, Dwoskin LP. Obesity: Current and potential pharmacotherapeutics and targets. Pharmacol Ther [Internet]. 2017 Feb 1 [cited 2021 Dec 9];170:116–47. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27773782/
Wiciński M, Socha M, Malinowski B, Wódkiewicz E, Walczak M, Górski K, et al. Liraglutide and its Neuroprotective Properties—Focus on Possible Biochemical Mechanisms in Alzheimer’s Disease and Cerebral Ischemic Events. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, Vol 20, Page 1050 [Internet]. 2019 Feb 28 [cited 2021 Dec 9];20(5):1050. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/5/1050/htm
Lobo I, Valero M, López-Frías M. Surgical treatment for obesity: a protocol. Medicine (Spain). 2020 Jun 1;13(14):807–11.
Nudel J, Sanchez VM. Surgical management of obesity. Metabolism. 2019;92:206–16.
Koh CY, Inaba CS, Sujatha-Bhaskar S, Hohmann S, Ponce J, Nguyen NT. Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Band Explantation and Implantation at Academic Centers. J Am Coll Surg [Internet]. 2017 Oct 1 [cited 2021 Dec 9];225(4):532–7. Available from: http://www.journalacs.org/article/S1072751517311316/fulltext
Saunders KH, Umashanker D, Igel LI, Kumar RB, Aronne LJ. Obesity Pharmacotherapy. Med Clin North Am [Internet]. 2018 Jan 1 [cited 2021 Dec 9];102(1):135–48. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29156182/
Hafeedza A, Nazamid S, Faridah A, Amin I, Mumtaz, Muhammad W, Azizah A. Anti-obesity and antioxidant activities of selected medicinal plants and phytochemical profiling of bioactive compounds. International Journal of Food Properties [Internet]. 2017 Nov 2 [cited 2020 Sep 4];20(11):2616–29. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10942912.2016.1247098
Sfar S, Boussoffara R, Sfar M, Kerkeni A. Antioxidant enzymes activities in obese Tunisian children. Nutr J [Internet]. 2013 Jan 29 [cited 2020 Sep 4];12(1):1–7. Available from: https://link.springer.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2891-12-18
Serrano D, López López E;, Sainz M;, del Rosario T. Componentes bioactivos de alimentos funcionales de origen vegetal. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Farmacéuticas [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2021 Feb 10];37(4):58–68. Available from: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57937408
Chau CF, Huang YL, Lee MH. In Vitro Hypoglycemic Effects of Different Insoluble Fiber-Rich Fractions Prepared from the Peel of Citrus Sinensis L. cv. Liucheng. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry [Internet]. 2003 Oct 22 [cited 2021 May 26];51(22):6623–6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14558787/
Jeepipalli SPK, Du B, Sabitaliyevich UY, Xu B. New insights into potential nutritional effects of dietary saponins in protecting against the development of obesity. Food Chem [Internet]. 2020 Jul 15 [cited 2021 Dec 9];318. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32151922/
Wang Q, Mu RF, Liu X, Zhou HM, Xu YH, Qin WY, et al. Steaming Changes the Composition of Saponins of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen That Function in Treatment of Hyperlipidemia and Obesity. J Agric Food Chem [Internet]. 2020 Apr 29 [cited 2021 Dec 9];68(17):4865–75. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32306731/
Guclu-Ustundag Ö, Mazza G. Saponins: Properties, Applications and Processing. http://dx.doi.org/101080/10408390600698197 [Internet]. 2007 Mar [cited 2021 Dec 9];47(3):231–58. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10408390600698197
Sparg SG, Light ME, van Staden J. Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2004 Oct;94(2–3):219–43.
Moghimipour E, Handali S. Saponin: Properties, Methods of Evaluation and Applications. Annual Research & Review in Biology. 2015 Jan 10;5(3):207–20.
Moses T, Papadopoulou KK, Osbourn A. Metabolic and functional diversity of saponins, biosynthetic intermediates and semi-synthetic derivatives. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol [Internet]. 2014 Nov 1 [cited 2021 Dec 9];49(6):439–62. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25286183/
Lee JE, Schmidt H, Lai B, Ge K. Transcriptional and Epigenomic Regulation of Adipogenesis. Molecular and Cellular Biology [Internet]. 2019 Jun [cited 2021 Dec 9];39(11). Available from: https://journals.asm.org/doi/abs/10.1128/MCB.00601-18
Wang P, Xie L, Joseph E, Li J, Su X, Zhou H. Metal-Organic Frameworks for Food Safety [Internet]. Vol. 119, Chemical Reviews. American Chemical Society; 2019 [cited 2020 Sep 4]. p. 10638–90. Available from: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00257
Zhuoyue Z, Ruangaram W, Kato E. Saponins are responsible for the anti-obesogenic activity of Acacia concinna. Journal of Natural Medicines 2021 75:4 [Internet]. 2021 May 21 [cited 2022 Apr 20];75(4):1005–13. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11418-021-01530-0
Resende PE de, Verza SG, Kaiser S, Gomes LF, Kucharski LC, Ortega GG. The activity of mate saponins (Ilex paraguariensis) in intra-abdominal and epididymal fat, and glucose oxidation in male Wistar rats. J Ethnopharmacol [Internet]. 2012 Dec 18 [cited 2021 Dec 9];144(3):735–40. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23088849/
Feng M, Liu F, Xing J, Zhong Y, Zhou X. Anemarrhena saponins attenuate insulin resistance in rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity via the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway. J Ethnopharmacol [Internet]. 2021 Sep 15 [cited 2021 Dec 9];277. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34052350/
Ni BR, Bogoriani W, Bogoriani NW, Laksmiwati AAIM, Putra AAB, Heltyani WE, et al. Saponins Role Of Bali Andong Leaf As Antiobesity In Rats Re se a rc h Art ic le Saponins Role Of Bali Andong Leaf As Antiobesity In Rats. 382| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 11(2).
Xu Y, Wang N, Tan HY, Li S, Zhang C, Zhang Z, et al. Panax notoginseng saponins modulate the gut microbiota to promote thermogenesis and beige adipocyte reconstruction via leptin-mediated AMPKα/STAT3 signaling in diet-induced obesity. Theranostics [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Apr 20];10(24):11302. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7532683/
Derechos de autor 2022 Mariel Guadalupe Valencia Cordova, Quinatzin Yadira Zafra Rojas, Luis Delgado Olivares, Jeannett Alejandra Izquierdo Vega, Nelly de Socorro Cruz Cansino
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
