La proteína KIM-1, un biomarcador asociado a la enfermedad renal

Emmanuel Reyes-Uribe; Marco Antonio  Hernández-Bedolla; Joel Salazar-Flores; Erandis Dheni  Torres-Sánchez

doi:10.29057/esh.v10i19.8213

Emmanuel Reyes-Uribe University of Guadalajara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3602-9273
Marco Antonio Hernández-Bedolla Autonomous University of Hidalgo State https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4947-8852
Joel Salazar-Flores University of Guadalajara https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-4939
Erandis Dheni Torres-Sánchez University of Guadalajara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8131-6853

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29057/esh.v10i19.8213

Keywords: KIM-1, biomarker, kidney disease, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Kidney disease refers to a functional abnormality in the kidneys that has health implications. In Mexico, acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease have a high incidence and represent a public health problem with significant economic repercussions. The timely diagnosis of kidney disease would have a positive effect on the treatment and prognosis of the disease. KIM-1(Kidney Injury Molecule-1) is a glycoprotein that acts as a receptor for phosphatidylserine and TIM-4 (T-Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain-4). Although it is expressed in various cells and tissues, its expression occurs mainly in proximal tubular epithelial cells in nephrons. In healthy people, KIM-1 is not expressed, but during tubular epithelial cell injury it is overexpressed, and its soluble fraction is secreted into urine and/ or filtered into the blood, increasing its concentration, and allowing detection in these fluids; for this reason, it has been proposed as a biomarker for kidney injury. In early stages, KIM-1 has a protective role against kidney insult, but its sustained expression in tubular epithelial cells has been associated with chronic kidney disease or kidney fibrosis. In this review, we describe KIM-1 structure, expression, and function in both, immune system, and kidney disease.

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