Actualidades en encefalitis autoinmunes mediadas por anticuerpos en pediatría
Resumen
La encefalitis autoinmune (EA) en pediatría presentan un cuadro clínico de difícil diagnóstico, frecuentemente son confundidas con enfermedades psiquiátricas. Estas se caracterizan por provocar una inflamación mediada por la respuesta inmune humoral y en menor medida por una respuesta celular citotóxica. Se reporta una incidencia mínima de 10,5 pacientes pediátricos (1 mes-18 años) con encefalitis por cada 100,000 casos al año en países occidentales. Son padecimientos caracterizados por una inflamación del parénquima cerebral que causa síntomas similares a infecciones, síntomas psiquiátricos y manifestaciones neurológicas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue desarrollar una actualización de la información a través de una revisión bibliográfica clínica que contribuya al diagnóstico oportuno de estos padecimientos. La identificación de autoanticuerpos específicos en la EA en la etapa pediátrica, contribuyen al desarrollo de nuevas técnicas de diagnóstico temprano de la enfermedad con mayor sensibilidad y especificidad.
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Derechos de autor 2024 María Fernanda Barona-Flores, Juan Carlos Hernández-González, José Ignacio Olave-Leyva, Nayeli Shantal Castrejón-Jiménez
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