Bioquímica de la pared celular de Gram positivas y Gram negativas
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https://doi.org/10.29057/icbi.v12i23.11450Palabras clave:
Lipopolisacárido, pared celular, ácidos teicoicos, bioquímica, peptidoglucanoResumen
La pared celular de las bacterias es una estructura compleja en forma de malla, esencial para mantener la morfología, integridad estructural y coordinar diferentes propiedades de la célula. Entre las diferentes especies de bacterias, se observa cierta homología en la composición y estructura de la pared celular. Por lo tanto, en este trabajo se describe a detalle la composición bioquímica de las estructuras específicas, así como la diversidad estructural que puede existir entre bacterias de la misma especie debido a adaptaciones a diferentes entornos de crecimiento. Además, la composición bioquímica y las estructuras superficialesde la pared celular bacteriana representan la primera línea de defensa contra diversas reacciones químicas y físicas. La importancia médica se relaciona con la patogenia y las adaptaciones bioquímicas generadas para la resistencia a los antibióticosy la evasión inmunológica, modulando sus superficies celulares y liberando moléculas para el camuflaje con el hospedero, que complican el éxito para controlar las infecciones bacterianas y obligan a la búsqueda de múltiples estrategias que permitan eliminar su desarrollo o crecimiento.
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