Sistemas π-conjugados: la ciencia detrás de los colores y sus aplicaciones

Sofía Antonieta Corona Celaya; Oscar Javier Hernández Ortiz

Autores/as

Sofía Antonieta Corona Celaya Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
Oscar Javier Hernández Ortiz Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5805-9035

Palabras clave:

Compuestos π-conjugados, propiedades ópticas y electrónicas, materiales funcionales

Resumen

Los compuestos π-conjugados son una clase fundamental de moléculas caracterizadas por sistemas extendidos de dobles enlaces alternados, que facilitan la deslocalización electrónica a lo largo de su estructura. Esta propiedad les otorga atractivas características ópticas y electrónicas, como la absorción de luz en el visible y la emisión de fluorescencia, lo que explica su presencia en pigmentos naturales (por ejemplo, clorofila, carotenoides y ácido carmínico) y su contribución a la coloración en la naturaleza. Además, se destaca su relevancia en el desarrollo de dispositivos optoelectrónicos, tales como celdas solares orgánicas, OLEDs y sensores, así como en aplicaciones biomédicas que incluyen terapia fotodinámica y bioimagen, gracias a su eficiencia en la absorción y transferencia de energía. Este artículo revisa su origen, clasificación y aplicaciones actuales, consolidándose como materiales funcionales de alto impacto para la ciencia y la tecnología.

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