Evaluación de la concentración de EDTA en la lixiviación de plata en relaves mineros con Tiourea
Palabras clave:
Tiourea-EDTA, Plata, Cobre, Hierro, Relaves mineralesResumen
El presente estudio evalúa la influencia del ion etilendiaminotetraacético (EDTA4-) en la lixiviación de plata a partir de relaves mineros utilizando tiourea (TU, CS(NH₂)₂) como agente lixiviante. Para caracterizar la muestra, se emplearon las técnicas de Difracción de Rayos X (DRX), Espectrometría de Emisión Óptica con Plasma Acoplado Inductivamente (ICP-OES) y Fluorescencia de Rayos X (FRX). Posteriormente, se investigó el efecto de la concentración de EDTA y la temperatura en la eficiencia de lixiviación de plata (Ag) y disolución de cobre (Cu) y hierro (Fe). Los resultados experimentales muestran que la máxima lixiviación de plata fue de 94% y esta se alcanzó con una concentración de TU = 0.3 M L-1 y EDTA = 0.007 M L-1, a una temperatura de 65°C, un pH de 1.5 y una velocidad de agitación de 800 min-1 en un volumen de solución de 0.5 L.
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Barton, C. C. (2023). EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824315-2.00692-8.
BERG, P. W. (1947). Oxidation-Reduction Potentials of Thiol-Dithio Systems: Thiourea-Formamidine Disulfide 1. Journal of the American Chemical Society. Pages 322–325. doi:10.1021/ja01194a048.
Chang Lei, Bo Yan, Tao Chen, Xiao-Liang Wang, Xian-Ming Xiao, (2018). Silver leaching and recovery of valuable metals from magnetic tailings using chloride leaching. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.243.
Chao Zhang, S. W.-F. (2018). A novel process for the separation and recovery of value-added metals from manganese–silver ores by EDTA/EDTA–2Na and thiosulfate. Hydrometallurgy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.05.007.
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Hernán Islas, M. U. (2021). Silver leaching from jarosite-type compounds using cyanide and non-cyanide lixiviants: A kinetic approach. Minerals Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107250.
Jaszczak, E. P. (2017). Cyanides in the environment analysis problems and challenges. Environ Sci Pollut Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9081-7.
Jiwei Zhang, Junling Zhang, Yirong Deng, Chao Wu, Hua Li, Zhanhui Qing, Jinxiang Li, Wei Zhang (2023). Quantitative evaluation of ecological and environmental impacts caused by future mining. Ore Geology Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2023.105672.
Johnson, C. A. (2015). The fate of cyanide in leach wastes at gold mines: An environmental perspective. Applied Geochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.05.023.
M. Elena Poisot-Díaz, I. G. (2008). Electrodeposition of a Silver-Gold Alloy (DORÉ) from Thiourea Solutions in the Presence of Other Metallic Ion Impurities. 93(1-2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.02.015.
M.G. Aylmore, (2016). Alternative Lixiviants to Cyanide for Leaching Gold Ores. Gold Ore Processing, Project Development and Operations. Elsevier Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2015-0-00699-2. - ISBN: 978-0-444-63658-4.
Marsden, J. H. (2006). The chemistry of gold extraction. SME. ISBN: 978-0-87335-240-6.
Mohammed R. Ahmed, H. S.-F.-M. (2020). Gold Leaching Using Thiourea from Uranium Tailing Material, Gabal El-Missikat, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-020-00295-2.
Moreno Tovar, R. &. (2009a). Neoformación mineralógica en residuos mineros (jales) del distrito minero Zimapán, estado de Hidalgo, México. Minería y Geología. Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental, Vol. 28, págs. 203-218. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0188-49992012000300003&lng=es&tlng=es.. ISSN 0188-4999.
MORENO TOVAR, J. T. (2012b). Influencia de los minerales de los jales en la bioaccesibilidad de arsénico, plomo, zinc y cadmio en el distrito minero Zimapán, México. Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0188-49992012000300003&lng=es&tlng=es.. ISSN 0188-4999.
Muñoz-Hernandez, E. J., Teja-Ruíz, A. M., Reyes-Pérez, M., Cobos-Murcia, J. Ángel, Reyes-Cruz, V. E., & Juárez-Tapia, J. C. (2023). Estudio preliminar de lixiviación de Polibasita: efecto de la temperatura. https://doi.org/10.29057/icbi.v10i20.9951.
Puigdomenech, I. (2004). Make Equilibrium Diagrams Using Sophisticated Algorithms. MEDUSA). Inorganic Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Qian Li, Jun Luo, Rui Xu, Yongbin Yang, Bin Xu, Tao Jiang, Huaqun Yin, (2021). Synergistic enhancement effect of Ag+ and organic ligands on the bioleaching of arsenic-bearing gold concentrate. Hydrometallurgy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2021.105723.
Xiuping Chen, Yuanchuan Ren, Guangfei Qu, Zuoliang Wang, Yuyi Yang, Ping Ning. (2023). A review of environmental functional materials for cyanide removal by adsorption and catalysis. Inorganic Chemistry Communications. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2023.111298.
Xue-yi Guo, Lei Zhang, Qing-hua Tian, Hong Qin. (2020). Stepwise extraction of gold and silver from refractory gold concentrate calcine by thiourea. Hydrometallurgy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.105330.
Z.Gamiño-Arroyo, D.Pareau, A.Buch, F.I.Gomez-Castro, L.E.Sánchez-Cadena, M.Stambouli, J. El Bekri, M.Avila-Rodriguez (July 2021). Design of Multistage Extraction System for Simultaneous Separation of Silver and Gold from Thiourea Solutions. Volume 164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2021.108391.
A. Ruiz-Sanchez, J. C. (2023b). Evaluation of acid mine drainage (AMD) from tailings and their valorization by copper recovery. Volume 191(107979). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2022.107979.
Ahamed Ashiq Janhavi Kulkarni, Meththika Vithanage, (2019). Electronic Waste Management and Treatment Technology. Chapter 10. Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Metals From E-waste. Vithanage Editors: Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad and Meththika. Butterworth-Heinemann. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816190-6.00010-8. ISBN 978-0-12-816190-6.
Bandehzadeh Masoud Aryanimehr Amir, Rezai Bahram, (2016). Investigate of Effective Factors on Extraction of Silver from Tailings of Lead Flotation Plant Using Thiourea Leaching. World Journal of Engineering and Technology. Scientific Research Publishing. Vol. 4. DOI: 10.4236/wjet.2016.42031. ISSN Online: 2331-4249.
Barton, C. C. (2023). EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824315-2.00692-8.
BERG, P. W. (1947). Oxidation-Reduction Potentials of Thiol-Dithio Systems: Thiourea-Formamidine Disulfide 1. Journal of the American Chemical Society. Pages 322–325. doi:10.1021/ja01194a048.
Chang Lei, Bo Yan, Tao Chen, Xiao-Liang Wang, Xian-Ming Xiao, (2018). Silver leaching and recovery of valuable metals from magnetic tailings using chloride leaching. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.243.
Chao Zhang, S. W.-F. (2018). A novel process for the separation and recovery of value-added metals from manganese–silver ores by EDTA/EDTA–2Na and thiosulfate. Hydrometallurgy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.05.007.
D.Calla-Choque, N.-A. J.-A. (5 de November de 2016). Acid decomposition and thiourea leaching of silver from hazardous jarosite residues: Effect of some cations on the stability of the thiourea system. Journal of Hazardous Materials. Vol. 192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.105289.
D.M. Puente-Siller, J. F.-A.-A. (2013). A kinetic–thermodynamic study of silver leaching in thiosulfate–copper–ammonia–EDTA solutions. Hydrometallurgy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2013.02.010.
Daniel A. Ray, M. B. (2022). Thiourea Leaching: An Update on a Sustainable Approach for Gold Recovery from E-waste. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-022-00499-8.
Economía, S. d. (28 de Junio de 2023). Secretaría de Economía. Obtenido de Secretaría de Economía: https://www.gob.mx/se/acciones-y-programas/mineria.
Erick Jesús Muñoz Hernández, Norman Toro, Martin Pérez, Alejandro Reyes Domínguez, Aislinn Michelle Teja Ruiz, Mizraim Uriel Flores Guerrero, Jesús Iván Martínez Soto, Gabriel Cisneros Flores, Cesar Juárez. (2025a). Evaluation of Silver Recovery from High-Sulphur Mining Waste Using Thiourea–Oxalate System. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18020347.
Erick Jesús Muñoz Hernández, M. G. (2024b). Application of the Thiocyanate-Thiourea System for the Leaching of Copper Present in Tailings from Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. TMS 2024 153rd Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50349-8_161.
G.Anderegg. (1997). CRITICAL SURVEY OF STABILITY CONSTANTS OF EDTA COMPLEXES. Pp 1-36.
G.T.Lapidus, D.Calla-Choque, (March 2020). Acid decomposition and silver leaching with thiourea and oxalate from an industrial jarosite sample. Hydrometallurgy. Vol. 192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.105289.
Hernán Islas, M. U. (2021). Silver leaching from jarosite-type compounds using cyanide and non-cyanide lixiviants: A kinetic approach. Minerals Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107250.
Jaszczak, E. P. (2017). Cyanides in the environment analysis problems and challenges. Environ Sci Pollut Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9081-7.
Jiwei Zhang, Junling Zhang, Yirong Deng, Chao Wu, Hua Li, Zhanhui Qing, Jinxiang Li, Wei Zhang (2023). Quantitative evaluation of ecological and environmental impacts caused by future mining. Ore Geology Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2023.105672.
Johnson, C. A. (2015). The fate of cyanide in leach wastes at gold mines: An environmental perspective. Applied Geochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.05.023.
M. Elena Poisot-Díaz, I. G. (2008). Electrodeposition of a Silver-Gold Alloy (DORÉ) from Thiourea Solutions in the Presence of Other Metallic Ion Impurities. 93(1-2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.02.015.
M.G. Aylmore, (2016). Alternative Lixiviants to Cyanide for Leaching Gold Ores. Gold Ore Processing, Project Development and Operations. Elsevier Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2015-0-00699-2. - ISBN: 978-0-444-63658-4.
Marsden, J. H. (2006). The chemistry of gold extraction. SME. ISBN: 978-0-87335-240-6.
Mohammed R. Ahmed, H. S.-F.-M. (2020). Gold Leaching Using Thiourea from Uranium Tailing Material, Gabal El-Missikat, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-020-00295-2.
Moreno Tovar, R. &. (2009a). Neoformación mineralógica en residuos mineros (jales) del distrito minero Zimapán, estado de Hidalgo, México. Minería y Geología. Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental, Vol. 28, págs. 203-218. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0188-49992012000300003&lng=es&tlng=es.. ISSN 0188-4999.
MORENO TOVAR, J. T. (2012b). Influencia de los minerales de los jales en la bioaccesibilidad de arsénico, plomo, zinc y cadmio en el distrito minero Zimapán, México. Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0188-49992012000300003&lng=es&tlng=es.. ISSN 0188-4999.
Muñoz-Hernandez, E. J., Teja-Ruíz, A. M., Reyes-Pérez, M., Cobos-Murcia, J. Ángel, Reyes-Cruz, V. E., & Juárez-Tapia, J. C. (2023). Estudio preliminar de lixiviación de Polibasita: efecto de la temperatura. https://doi.org/10.29057/icbi.v10i20.9951.
Puigdomenech, I. (2004). Make Equilibrium Diagrams Using Sophisticated Algorithms. MEDUSA). Inorganic Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Qian Li, Jun Luo, Rui Xu, Yongbin Yang, Bin Xu, Tao Jiang, Huaqun Yin, (2021). Synergistic enhancement effect of Ag+ and organic ligands on the bioleaching of arsenic-bearing gold concentrate. Hydrometallurgy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2021.105723.
Xiuping Chen, Yuanchuan Ren, Guangfei Qu, Zuoliang Wang, Yuyi Yang, Ping Ning. (2023). A review of environmental functional materials for cyanide removal by adsorption and catalysis. Inorganic Chemistry Communications. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2023.111298.
Xue-yi Guo, Lei Zhang, Qing-hua Tian, Hong Qin. (2020). Stepwise extraction of gold and silver from refractory gold concentrate calcine by thiourea. Hydrometallurgy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.105330.
Z.Gamiño-Arroyo, D.Pareau, A.Buch, F.I.Gomez-Castro, L.E.Sánchez-Cadena, M.Stambouli, J. El Bekri, M.Avila-Rodriguez (July 2021). Design of Multistage Extraction System for Simultaneous Separation of Silver and Gold from Thiourea Solutions. Volume 164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2021.108391.
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2026-04-21
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Llanos Blancas, E. S., Juárez Tapia, J. C., Reyes Pérez, M., Reyes Domínguez, I. A., Ramírez Cardona, M., & Muñoz Hernandez, E. J. (2026). Evaluación de la concentración de EDTA en la lixiviación de plata en relaves mineros con Tiourea. Pädi Boletín Científico De Ciencias Básicas E Ingenierías Del ICBI, 14(27). Recuperado a partir de https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icbi/article/view/14853
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Derechos de autor 2025 Edith Saraí Llanos Blancas, Julio César Juárez Tapia, Martín Reyes Pérez, Iván Alejandro Reyes Domínguez, Màrius Ramírez Cardona, Erick Jesus Muñoz Hernandez
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
