Observatorios para la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional: infraestructura inteligente para la toma de decisiones territoriales sostenibles.

Edú  Ortega Ibarra; Ilse Haide Ortega Ibarra

doi:10.29057/icbi.v14iespecial3.17706

Autores/as

Edú Ortega Ibarra Universidad del Istmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-7366
Ilse Haide Ortega Ibarra Universidad del Istmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1104-2949

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29057/icbi.v14iespecial3.17706

Palabras clave:

sistemas de información geográfica, política alimentaria, interoperabilidad, datos abiertos, monitoreo subnacional

Resumen

La seguridad alimentaria y nutricional (SAN) expresa desigualdades territoriales, económicas, sanitarias y ambientales que requieren información integrada para orientar decisiones públicas. El objetivo fue analizar el papel de los observatorios digitales de SAN como infraestructura inteligente para la toma de decisiones territoriales sostenibles e identificar los desafíos que condicionan su utilidad. Se realizó una revisión narrativa estructurada y un análisis documental temático. De 43 documentos candidatos se integró un corpus de 29 fuentes: ocho artículos científicos, 17 documentos institucionales o técnicos y cuatro instrumentos normativos. La codificación inductivo-deductiva produjo cinco categorías: magnitud y monitoreo; indicadores y tableros; infraestructura digital y gobernanza; territorialización; y diseño, implementación y sostenibilidad. Los resultados muestran que el valor de un observatorio depende de articular indicadores, metadatos, interoperabilidad, análisis geoespacial, visualización y rutas institucionales de uso. Casos como Food Systems Dashboard, HungerMap LIVE, FEWS NET y el observatorio de Veracruz documentan funciones de diagnóstico, alerta y priorización, aunque la evidencia causal sobre impacto decisional sigue siendo limitada. Se identificaron ocho desafíos: conceptual, técnico, político-institucional, territorial, comunicativo, financiero, ético y analítico. Se concluye que estos sistemas pueden fortalecer planeación, focalización, evaluación y anticipación de riesgos si garantizan calidad, actualización, accesibilidad y continuidad institucional.

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