Desempeño mecánico del concreto con fibras de acero, polipropileno, vidrio o basalto: integración documental y análisis comparativo

Ramiro Mendoza Hernández; Valeria Volpi-León; Alma Delia Juárez Sedano

doi:10.29057/icbi.v14iespecial3.18148

Autores/as

Ramiro Mendoza Hernández Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7092-3116
Valeria Volpi-León Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8536-875X
Alma Delia Juárez Sedano Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8279-7997

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29057/icbi.v14iespecial3.18148

Palabras clave:

concreto reforzado con fibras, fibras de acero, fibras de polipropileno, fibras de vidrio, fibras de basalto, comportamiento mecánico

Resumen

El concreto reforzado con fibras constituye una alternativa para mejorar la baja resistencia a la tracción y la fragilidad del concreto convencional. Mediante una revisión sistemática de artículos indexados, publicados entre 2015 y 2026, se analizó y comparó el efecto de fibras de acero, polipropileno, vidrio y basalto sobre las propiedades mecánicas de compresión, tracción indirecta y flexión en el concreto mediante ensayos normalizados. Los resultados muestran incrementos de 0–15 % en resistencias a la compresión, 5–30 % en tracción indirecta y 8–35 % en flexión, dependiendo del tipo de fibra y de las condiciones experimentales. Las fibras de acero presentaron el mejor comportamiento en resistencia residual y posfisuración; el polipropileno destacó en el control de la fisuración temprana; el vidrio mostró mejoras en tracción y flexión, mientras que el basalto presentó un comportamiento equilibrado. La sistematización de la evidencia permitió establecer criterios para seleccionar el tipo de fibra según la propiedad mecánica requerida.

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