Edad de inicio en la práctica musical en el funcionamiento cognitivo
Resumen
El procesamiento musical se ha descrito como un modelo de plasticidad tanto estructural como funcional en el que las áreas implicadas y las conexiones se ven modificadas, estos cambios dependen de diversas variables, entre ellas el inicio del entrenamiento. El estudio de la música como fenómeno neuropsicológico se ha vuelto importante pues provee información a cerca de los posibles beneficios cognitivos. Objetivo: describir y comparar cómo la práctica musical incide en el funcionamiento cognitivo en músicos que iniciaron su entrenamiento a edades tempranas y tardías. Método: Se comparó el desempeño cognitivo de un grupo de músicos profesionales de inicio temprano, un grupo de músicos profesionales de inicio tardío y un grupo control de no músicos, por medio de la batería NEUROPSI atención y memoria de manera individual. Resultados: Los resultados indican que el desempeño cognitivo es diferente entre los tres grupos, principalmente en las tareas de memoria, atención, funciones ejecutivas y percepción musical, en donde los músicos que iniciaron antes de la adolescencia tienen un mejor desempeño que el grupo de no músicos. Conclusiones: La práctica musical temprana tiene un impacto favorable en tareas que implican procesos atencionales, funciones ejecutivas y memoria, aunque la práctica puede ser benéfica a lo largo de la vida.
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