Tratamientos termoquímicos
Resumen
En el presente trabajo, se hace un descripción muy general de los principales tratamientos termoquímicos empleados para mejorar las propiedades en la superficie de diversos sustratos. La ingeniería de superficies representa un método técnicamente atractivo y económicamente viable para mejorar la capa superficial de los materiales. Dado que la superficie del material controla la vida útil en muchas aplicaciones, el objetivo es desarrollar una amplia gama de propiedades funcionales que son diferentes del sustrato base, incluyendo las físicas, químicas, eléctricas, electrónicas, magnéticas o mecánicas. Como parte de la ingeniería de superficies, el tratamiento termoquímico emplea la difusión térmica para incorporar átomos no metálicos o metálicos en la superficie del material para modificar su química y microestructura. Los tratamientos termoquímicos se pueden realizar en medios sólidos, líquidos o gaseosos con uno o varios elementos químicos activos simultáneamente. Para la mayoría de los tratamientos termoquímicos, el mecanismo incluye la descomposición de especies sólidas, líquidas o gaseosas, la división de moléculas gaseosas para formar átomos nacientes, la absorción de átomos, su difusión en una red metálica y reacciones dentro de la estructura del sustrato para modificar fases existentes o formar nuevas.
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