Causalidad en medicina: Modelos que cambian la forma de ver la enfermedad

Diana V. Sánchez-Martínez; Jesús C. Ruvalcava-Ledezma

doi:10.29057/estr.v13i25.15880

Autores/as

Diana V. Sánchez-Martínez Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7660-7234
Jesús C. Ruvalcava-Ledezma Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29057/estr.v13i25.15880

Palabras clave:

Causalidad, multicausalidad, determinantes sociales, sindémica, una sola salud

Resumen

El proceso salud-enfermedad y su comprensión requiere de modelos causales que exploren otras alternativas distintas al biomédico monocausal. Este ensayo revisa diversos enfoques contemporáneos que actualmente integran la multicausalidad, los determinantes sociales de la salud (DSS), la inferencia causal mediante los diagramas acíclicos dirigidos (DAGs), la perspectiva sindémica y el modelo “una sola salud”. Se expone que estos modelos, lejos de ser aislados, deben integrarse para hacer frente a los desafíos actuales como cambios poblacionales, ambientales y epidemiológicos. La integración de estos a partir del análisis y de la sensibilidad social y ecológica nos facilita explicar riesgos, orientar mejor las políticas equitativas y diseñar intervenciones efectivas.

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