Loxoscelism: violin spider bites and their medical implications
Abstract
Loxoscelism is an intoxication produced by the inoculation of the venom of the Loxosceles spider (solitary, recluse, fiddler or brown spider). It is classified as local or cutaneous and systemic or viscerocutaneous. Cutaneous loxoscelism is the most common (85%), while systemic loxoscelism is less frequent, but is associated with a greater number of complications and even death in up to 15% of cases. Immediate and timely medical attention, within the first 36 hours after the attack, can reduce the severity of the local lesion and the extent of the clinical picture of loxoscelism. The aim of this manuscript is to review the current scientific literature on loxoscelism in order to identify the main clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment options and prevention associated with this intoxication. In addition, to highlight the advancement of research areas that may contribute to a better understanding and management of loxoscelism in clinical and epidemiological contexts.
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References
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