Effect of Paraoxonase 1 on health and its modulation through diet
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an enzyme expressed in liver, it circulates through bloodstream binded to high density lipoproteins (HDL). PON1 is capable to protect against cardiovascular disease development, due to its antioxidant activity. It protects HDL and low density lipoproteins (LDL) against oxidation and it detoxifies reactive molecules. It is known that high LDL serum concentration is a risk factor to develop atherosclerosis, while HDL performs an atheroprotective function, it is believed that PON1 is the main responsible of this function. Oxidative stress and inflammatory processes are capable to downregulate PON1 gene expression and enzyme activity. However, a diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and bioactive compounds may compensate those negative effects, upregulating PON1 expression and activity.
Downloads
References
Kotur‐Stevuljević J, Vekić J, Stefanović A, Zeljković A, Ninić A, Ivanišević J, et al. Paraoxonase 1 and atherosclerosis‐related diseases. BioFactors. 2019;biof.1549.
Ceron JJ, Tecles F, Tvarijonaviciute A. Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) measurement: an update. BMC Vet Res. 2014;10(1):74.
Estrada-Luna D, Ortiz-Rodriguez MA, Medina-Briseño L, Carreón-Torres E, Izquierdo-Vega JA, Sharma A, et al. Current therapies focused on high-density lipoproteins associated with cardiovascular disease. Molecules. 2018 Oct 23;23(11).
Mackness M, Mackness B. Human paraoxonase-1 (PON1): Gene structure and expression, promiscuous activities and multiple physiological roles. Gene. 2015 Aug 1;567(1):12–21.
Roest M, Van Himbergen TM, Barendrecht AB, Peeters PHM, Van Der Schouw YT, Voorbij HAM. Genetic and environmental determinants of the PON-1 phenotype. Eur J Clin Invest. 2007 Mar;37(3):187–96.
James RW. A long and winding road: Defining the biological role and clinical importance of paraoxonases. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2006;44(9):1052–9.
Martinelli N, Consoli L, Girelli D, Grison E, Corrocher R, Olivieri O. Paraoxonases: ancient substrate hunters and their evolving role in ischemic heart disease. Adv Clin Chem. 2013;59:65–100.
Estrada-Luna D, Carreón-Torres E, Bautista-Pérez R, Betanzos-Cabrera G, Dorantes-Morales A, Luna-Luna M, et al. Microencapsulated pomegranate reverts high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-induced endothelial dysfunction and reduces postprandial triglyceridemia in women with acute coronary syndrome. Nutrients. 2019;11(8).
Lou-Bonafonte JM, Gabás-Rivera C, Navarro MA, Osada J. The search for dietary supplements to elevate or activate circulating paraoxonases. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Feb 15;18(2).
de Souza JA, Vindis C, Hansel B, Nègre-Salvayre A, Therond P, Serrano C V., et al. Metabolic syndrome features small, apolipoprotein A-I-poor, triglyceride-rich HDL3 particles with defective anti-apoptotic activity. Atherosclerosis. 2008 Mar;197(1):84–94.
Estrada-Luna D, Martínez-Hinojosa E, Cancino-Diaz JC, Belefant-Miller H, López-Rodríguez G, Betanzos-Cabrera G. Daily supplementation with fresh pomegranate juice increases paraoxonase 1 expression and activity in mice fed a high-fat diet. Eur J Nutr. 2018 Feb 1;57(1):383–9.
Kotur-Stevuljevic J, Spasic S, Jelic-Ivanovic Z, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska V, Stefanovic A, Vujovic A, et al. PON1 status is influenced by oxidative stress and inflammation in coronary heart disease patients. Clin Biochem. 2008 Sep;41(13):1067–73.
Wu Y, Ding Y, Tanaka Y, Zhang W. Risk factors contributing to type 2 diabetes and recent advances in the treatment and prevention. Int J Med Sci. 2014;11(11):1185–200.
Wu D, Wu C, Zhong Y. The association between paraoxonase 1 activity and the susceptibilities of diabetes mellitus, diabetic macroangiopathy and diabetic microangiopathy. J Cell Mol Med. 2018 Sep 1;22(9):4283–91.
Florens N, Calzada C, Lyasko E, Juillard L, Soulage CO. Modified lipids and lipoproteins in chronic kidney disease: A new class of uremic toxins. Toxins (Basel). 2016 Dec 1;8(12).
Bacchetti T, Ferretti G, Sahebkar A. The role of paraoxonase in cancer. Vol. 56, Seminars in Cancer Biology. 2019. p. 72–86.
Balci H, Genc H, Papila C, Can G, Papila B, Yanardag H, et al. Serum Lipid Hydroperoxide Levels and Paraoxonase Activity in Patients With Lung, Breast, and Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Lab Anal. 2012;26(3):155–60.
Bobin-Dubigeon C, Jaffré I, Joalland MP, Classe JM, Campone M, Hervé M, et al. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) as a marker of short term death in breast cancer recurrence. Clin Biochem. 2012;45(16–17):1503–5.
Camuzcuoglu H, Arioz DT, Toy H, Kurt S, Celik H, Erel O. Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2009;112(3):481–5.
Ahmed NS, Shafik NM, Elraheem OA, Abou-Elnoeman SEA. Association of paraoxonase-1(Q192R and L55M) gene polymorphisms and activity with colorectal cancer and effect of surgical intervention. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(2):803–9.
Bulbuller N, Eren E, Ellidag HY, Oner OZ, Sezer C, Aydin O, et al. Diagnostic value of thiols, paraoxonase 1, arylesterase and oxidative balance in colorectal cancer in human. Neoplasma. 2013;60(04):419–24.
Sehitogullari A, Aslan M, Sayir F, Kahraman A, Demir H. Serum paraoxonase-1 enzyme activities and oxidative stress levels in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Redox Rep. 2014;19(5):199–205.
Krzystek-Korpacka M, Boehm D, Matusiewicz M, Diakowska D, Grabowski K, Gamian A. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) status in gastroesophageal malignancies and associated paraneoplastic syndromes - Connection with inflammation. Clin Biochem. 2008;41(10–11):804–11.
Akçay MN, Yilmaz I, Polat MF, Akçay G. Serum paraoxonase levels in gastric cancer. Hepatogastroenterology. 2003;50 Suppl 2:cclxxiii–cclxxv.
Elkiran ET, Mar N, Aygen B, Gursu F, Karaoglu A, Koca S. Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in patients with lung cancer in a Turkish population. BMC Cancer. 2007;7(1):48.
Chistiakov DA, Melnichenko AA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev Y V. Paraoxonase and atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases. Biochimie. 2017 Jan 1;132:19–27.
Saha A, Mazumder S. An aqueous extract of Murraya koenigii leaves induces paraoxonase 1 activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Food Funct. 2013;4(3):420–5.
Kiyici A, Okudan N, Gökbel H, Belviranli M. The effect of grape seed extracts on serum paraoxonase activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Med Food. 2010 Jun 1;13(3):725–8.
Farrell N, Norris G, Lee SG, Chun OK, Blesso CN. Anthocyanin-rich black elderberry extract improves markers of HDL function and reduces aortic cholesterol in hyperlipidemic mice. Food Funct. 2015 Apr 1;6(4):1278–87.
Francik R, Krośniak M, Sanocka I, Bartoń H, Hebda T, Francik S. Aronia melanocarpa treatment and antioxidant status in selected tissues in wistar rats. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014.
Lou-Bonafonte JM, Gabás-Rivera C, Navarro MA, Osada J. PON1 and mediterranean diet. Nutrients. 2015 May 27;7(6):4068–92.
Balsan G, Pellanda LC, Sausen G, Galarraga T, Zaffari D, Pontin B, et al. Effect of yerba mate and green tea on paraoxonase and leptin levels in patients affected by overweight or obesity and dyslipidemia: A randomized clinical trial. Nutr J. 2019;18(1).
Rom O, Volkova N, Jeries H, Grajeda-Iglesias C, Aviram M. Exogenous (Pomegranate Juice) or Endogenous (Paraoxonase1) Antioxidants Decrease Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Mouse Cardiovascular Disease-Related Tissues. Lipids. 2018 Nov 1;53(11–12):1031–41.
Leckey LC, Garige M, Varatharajalu R, Gong M, Nagata T, Spurney CF, et al. Quercetin and ethanol attenuate the progression of atherosclerotic plaques with concomitant up regulation of paraoxonase1 (PON1) gene expression and PON1 activity in LDLR-/- mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2010 Sep;34(9):1535–42.
Khateeb J, Gantman A, Kreitenberg AJ, Aviram M, Fuhrman B. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) expression in hepatocytes is upregulated by pomegranate polyphenols: A role for PPAR-γ pathway. Atherosclerosis. 2010 Jan;208(1):119–25.
