Filamentos de actina: componente del citoesqueleto clave en el campo veterinario

Samantha Jardon Xicotencatl; Carlos Gerardo García Tovar

doi:10.29057/icap.v12i24.16867

Autores/as

Dra. Samantha Jardon-Xicotencatl Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5259-8866
Dr. Carlos Gerardo García-Tovar Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1890-8730

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29057/icap.v12i24.16867

Palabras clave:

Filamentos de actina, Citoesqueleto, Estructura celular, Movimiento celular, Veterinaria

Resumen

Los filamentos de actina, uno de los tres componentes esenciales del citoesqueleto, sostienen funciones clave en la morfología, la motilidad, la división, la señalización y el transporte intracelular. Su desregulación se vincula con procesos patológicos de interés veterinario por su participación en respuestas a infecciones, interacciones huésped–patógeno, inflamación y mantenimiento de la integridad tisular. Esta revisión integra la organización, la polaridad y la dinámica de polimerización–despolimerización de la actina, así como los principales mecanismos de regulación por proteínas accesorias que permiten formar estructuras de orden superior (lamelipodios, filopodios, fibras de tensión y corteza celular). Se discute su relevancia en enfermedades infecciosas, trastornos musculoesqueléticos, cicatrización y biología de la reproducción, y se exploran perspectivas terapéuticas —incluida la modulación farmacológica y nanotecnológica— junto con herramientas avanzadas de imagen y edición genética. El objetivo es ofrecer un marco actualizado y aplicado al contexto de la Medicina Veterinaria.

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