Potencial antifúngico de Salvia officinalis L. en el control de fitopatógenos  asociados al cultivo de fresa: una revisión del estado del arte

Alexandra Medina Peralta; Marycarmen Cortes Hernández; Laura Afanador Barajas; Gabriela Medina-Pérez; Paola Mendoza Martinez; Sergio Ruben Perez Rios

doi:10.29057/icap.v12i24.17567

Autores/as

Alexandra Medina Peralta Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4456-8786
Marycarmen Cortes Hernández Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8508-0366
Laura Afanador Barajas Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8133-7048
Gabriela Medina-Pérez Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8673-941X
Paola Mendoza Martinez Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4483-3994
Sergio Ruben Perez Rios Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7892-4842

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29057/icap.v12i24.17567

Palabras clave:

Salvia officinalis, fresa (Fragaria × ananassa), hongos fitopatógenos, actividad antifúngica, extractos vegetales, biofungicidas, metabolitos secundarios, enfermedades postcosecha, agricultura sustentable

Resumen

Las enfermedades causadas por hongos fitopatógenos representan uno de los principales factores limitantes de la producción de cultivos de alto valor económico, como la fresa (Fragaria × ananassa). El uso intensivo de fungicidas sintéticos ha generado problemas asociados a la resistencia microbiana, impactos ambientales y riesgos para la salud humana, lo que ha impulsado la búsqueda de alternativas más sostenibles. En este contexto, los extractos vegetales, en particular los derivados de Salvia officinalis L., han sido ampliamente estudiados por su contenido de metabolitos secundarios con propiedades antimicrobianas. El presente artículo de revisión narrativa analiza el estado del arte sobre la actividad antifúngica de S. officinalis, considerando su composición fitoquímica, mecanismos de acción, métodos de extracción y evidencia experimental frente a hongos fitopatógenos de importancia agrícola, como Botrytis cinerea y Colletotrichum acutatum. La literatura revisada indica que los extractos de salvia presentan actividad inhibitoria en condiciones experimentales, atribuida principalmente a compuestos fenólicos, terpenoides y flavonoides, que afectan la integridad de la membrana celular fúngica y los procesos metabólicos esenciales. . Este análisis destaca el potencial de S. officinalis como alternativa sostenible para el manejo fitosanitario del cultivo de fresa.

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