Aprendizaje Automático en Aplicaciones Fisioterapéuticas
Resumen
El aprendizaje automático (AA) o aprendizaje máquina se centra en el desarrollo de sistemas de análisis que aprenden de datos existentes para predecir o agrupar datos futuros. El AA se ha desarrollado sustancialmente en años recientes en muchas áreas de la ciencia y de la ingeniería, siendo una de las de mayor interés el área de la medicina. En los ambientes médicos reales existe una gran cantidad de datos de naturaleza multivariable y multidimensional, que requieren analizarse para diagnóstico y tratamiento médico, lo que representa un área de oportunidad importante para el aprendizaje máquina. Este trabajo presenta una revisión de algunas de las aplicaciones más relevantes del aprendizaje automático, así como las tendencias y expectativas emergentes del mismo. Posteriormente, se hace una descripción de los trabajos más significativos del aprendizaje máquina aplicados a la medicina, haciendo especial énfasis en aplicaciones fisioterapéuticas. Finalmente, un tema de particular interés en el contexto de la medicina física es el análisis de la marcha, por lo que se hace una revisión de los trabajos realizados para dicho propósito.
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