Apotosis and cancer

Abstract

Worldwide it is known that cancer is a disease where there is no control of cell proliferation and the only way to regulate it is through the mechanism of apoptosis. The apoptosis process is also known as programmed cell death and is regulated at the genetic level by cell signaling, as well as part of the mechanism of cell cycle functionality. On the other hand, cancer cells often have the ability to evade apoptosis, despite the damage, due to the presence of a protein known as p53 that checks that the genetic material of the cells is not damaged (by cellular stress or radiation ionizing), In cancer this mechanism fails because cell proliferation is out of control due to mutations, which can be identified in expression, over-expression or lack of gene expression. The initiation phase of apoptosis is initiated by intracellular or extracellular stress, with low oxygen levels or DNA damage. The execution phase of apoptosis is carried out by enzymes called caspases that cause DNA damage, reorganize the cytoskeleton and disrupt intracellular transport, cell division and translation signal.