Biological effects of chitosan in Dentistry
Abstract
Current research in the world has focused on studies of biomaterials in the medical area, leaving an emerging research model in dentistry, with little information available. In this sense, there are several biomaterials with potential to be used in various areas of dentistry, mainly in endodontics. Chitosan is a versatile biomaterial from its production to its multiple properties, applications and benefits. Chitosan is a biomolecule with an average molecular weight of 100 to 500 kDa, obtained from the exoskeleton of arthropods such as crabs, shrimps, lobsters and mollusks (squids, oysters, cuttlefish). Its chemical structure is similar to cellulose, formed by amino and hydroxyl functional groups in its polymeric structure, soluble in aqueous media. Several studies have considered chitosan as a safe product for biomedical use. It is currently used in the food industry for its fat absorption capacity, helping in weight loss for the control of overweight-obesity, as well as food preservation, cosmetics manufacturing, antioxidants, among others. Some of its properties in the medical area include its potent bactericidal, hemostatic and tissue regenerative effect. Giving improved results thanks to its great properties of biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and great antimicrobial potential. However, more clinical studies are needed to know its benefits and what its use in the clinical area implies. Therefore, the present manuscript aims to provide existing information on chitosan for the research and development of new, safer and more effective dental materials.
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References
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