The role of dietary supplements in the treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea: Vitamin D3 and Zinc

Keywords: Dysmenorrhea, Primary Dysmenorrhea, treatment, nutritional supplement, vitamin D3, zinc, prostaglandins

Abstract

Dysmenorrhea is defined as “painful menstruation”. Two types of dysmenorrhea are known: primary, which occurs in the absence of any gynecological disease, and secondary, which is associated with an underlying pathology. Primary dysmenorrhea typically occurs approximately 6 months after menarche. Approximately 16% to 81% of women of childbearing age experience primary dysmenorrhea, with 2% to 29% reporting moderate to severe intensity.

The treatment of primary dysmenorrhea focuses on pain relief. However, supplements such as Vitamin D3 and Zinc should be considered. Vitamin D3 inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, while zinc also inhibits its synthesis, thereby improving uterine microcirculation and reducing the intensity of uterine contractions. It is important to note that not only pharmacological treatment should be considered, but also lifestyle changes that promote maximum physical and emotional well-being to reduce the consumption of analgesics and achieve control or remission of the underlying pathology.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Lilian Scarlet Gerardo Muñoz, Consultorio Particular
  • Born in Zimapán Hidalgo MX
  • Academic training
    • General Medical Surgeon - UAEH
    • Master in Biomedical and Health Sciences - UAEH
    • PhD student - PhD in Healthy Behavioral Sciences
  • Hobbies
    • Animalist
    • Reading
    • Cycling
    • Education

References

Zheng SH, Chen XX, Chen Y, Wu ZC, Chen XQ, etal. Antioxidant vitamins supplementation reduce endometriosis related pelvic pain in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 2023; 21(79):1-16.

Larroy C, Crespo M, Meseguer C. Dismenorrea funcional en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid: estudio de la prevalencia en función de la edad. Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2001: 8:11-22.

Pattanittum P, Kunyanone N, Brown J, Sangkomkamhang US, Barnes J, Seyfoddin V, et.al. Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea (Review). Cochrane Library. 2016; 3(CD002124): 1-125.

Hailemeskel S, Demissie A, Assefa N. Primary dysmenorrhea magnitude, associated risk factors, and its effect on academic performance: evidence from female university students in Ethiopia. Int. J. Womens Health. 2016; 8: 489-96.

Guimarães I, Póvoa AM. Primary Dysmenorrhea: Assessment and Treatment. Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet. 2020; 42(8): 1-7.

Iacovides S, Avidon I, Baker FC. What we know about primary dysmenorrhea today: a critical review. Hum. Reprod. Update. 2015; 0(0): 1-17.

Orhan C, Çelenay ST, Demirtürk F, Özgül S, Üzelpasaci E, Akbayrak T. Effects of menstrual pain on the academic performance and participation in sports and social activities in Turkish university students with primary dysmenorrhea: A case control study. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 2018; 44(11): 1-9.

Féart C. Dietary Supplements: Which Place between Food and Drugs?. Nutrients. 2020; 12(204): 1-2.

Morgan-Ortíz F, Morgan-Ruiz FV, Báez-Barraza J, Quevedo-Castro E. Dismenorrea: una revisión. Rev. Med. UAS. 2015; 5(1): 29-42.

Quick F, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Mirghafourvand M. Primary dysmenorrhea with and without premenstrual syndrome: variation in quality of life over menstrual phases. Qual. Life Res. 2018; 28(1): 1-9.

Tavallaee M, Joffres MR, Corber SJ, Bayanzadeh M, Mahmoudi Ras M. The prevalence of menstrual pain and associated risk factors among Iranian women. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 2011; 37(5): 442-51.

Yáñez N, Bautista-Roa SJ, Ruiz-Sternberg JE, Ruiz-Sternberg AM. Prevalencia y factores asociados a dismenorrea en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Rev. Cienc. Salud. 2010; 8(3): 37-48.

Aguilar-Aguilar, E. Desórdenes menstruales: lo que sabemos de la terapia dietética-nutricional. Nutr. Hosp. 2020; 37(2): 52-6.

Gagua T, Tkeshelashvili B, Gagua D, Mchedlishvili N. Assessment of Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Case-Control Study. J. Pediatr. Adolesc. Gynecol. 2013; 26: 350-4.

Ortiz MI. Primary dysmenorrhea among Mexican university students: prevalence, impact and treatment. EJOG. 2010; 152: 73-7.

Ortiz MI, Rangel-Flores E, Carrillo-Alarcón L, Veras-Godoy HA. Prevalence and impact of primary dysmenorrhea among Mexican high school students. Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. 2009; 107: 240-3.

Ortiz MI, Murguía-Cánovas G, Vargas-López LC, Silva R, Gonzáles-de la Parra M. Naproxen, paracetamol and pamabrom versus paracetamol, pyrilamine and pamabrom in primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Medwave. 2016; 16(9): 1-12.

Garro Urbina V, Thuel Gutiérrez M, Robles Arce V. Dismenorrea primaria en las adolescentes: manejo en la atención primaria. Rev. Méd. Sinergia. 2019; 4(11): e296.

Münstedt K, Riepen T. Patients’ decisions regarding the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea. Complement Ther. Med. 2019; 45: 1-6.

Sales KJ, Jabbour HN. Cyclooxygenase enzymes and prostaglandins in pathology of the endometrium. Reproduction. 2003; 126(5): 559-67.

Warner TD, Mitchell JA. Cyclooxygenases: new forms, new inhibitors, and lessons from the clinic. FASEB Bioadv. 2016; 18(7): 790-804.

Obeidat BA, Alchalabi HA, Abdul-Razzak KK, AL-Farras MI. Premenstrual Symptoms in Dysmenorrheic College Students: Prevalence and Relation to Vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone Levels. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2012; 9: 4210-22.

Lefebvre G, Pinsonneault O, Antao V, Black A, Burnett M, Feldman K, et.al. Primary Dysmenorrhea Consensus Guideline. JOGC. 2005; 169: 1117-30.

Vane JR, Botting RM. Anti-inflammatory drugs and their mechanism of action, Inflamm. Res. 1998;47(2):78-87.

Guy M, Foucher C, Juhel C. Rigaudier F, Mayeux G, Levesque A. Transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation relieves primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized, double-blind clinical study versus placebo. Progrès en urologie. 2022; 32: 487-97.

Arabnezhad L, Mohammadifard M, Rahmani L, Majidi L, Ferns GA, Bahrami A. Effects of curcumin supplementation on vitamin D levels in women with premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled study. BMC Complement Med. Ther. 2022; 22(19): 1-11.

Ciebiera M, Esfandyari S, Siblini H, Prince L, Elkafas H, Wojtyła C, et.al. Nutrition in Gynecological Diseases: Current Perspectives. Nutrients. 2021; 13: 1-33.

Parazzini F, Di Martino M, Pellegrino P. Magnesium in the gynecological practice: a literature review. Magnes. Res. 2017; 30(1): 1-7.

Tripkovic L, Lambert H, Hart K, Smith CP, Bucca G, Penson S, et.al. Comparison of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2012; 95: 1357-64.

NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamin D, Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. NIH; Publicado el 18 de septiembre 2023; citado: 18 de febrero 2024. Disponible en: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/.

Abdul-Razzak KK, Obeidat BA, Al-Farras MI, Dauod AS. Vitamin D and PTH Status among Adolescent and Young Females with Severe Dysmenorrhea. J. Pediatr. Adolesc. Gynecol. 2014; 27: 78-82.

Fundación UNAM. Cáncer De Piel, Segundo Más Frecuente En México. UNAM; Publicado el 5 de agosto 2019; citado: 25 de febrero 2024. Disponible en: https://www.fundacionunam.org.mx/unam-al-dia/cancer-de-piel-segundo-mas-frecuente-en-mexico/.

Bahrami A, Sadeghnia H, Avan A, Mirmousavi SJ, Moslem A, Eslami S, et.al. Neuropsychological function in relation to dysmenorrhea in adolescents. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. X. 2017; 215: 224-9.

Ghare Naz MS, Kiani Z, Rashidi Fakari F, Ghasemi V, Abed M, Ozgoli G. The effect of micronutrients on pain management of primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. J. Caring. Sci. 2020; 9(1): 47-56.

Matsas A, Sachinidis A, Lamprinou M, Stamoula E, Christopoulos P. Vitamin Effects in Primary Dysmenorrhea. Life. 2023; 13(1308): 1-13.

Rahneemaei FA, Gholamrezaei A, Afrakhteh M, Zayeri F, Reza Vafa M, Rashidi A, et.al. Vitamin D supplementation for primary dysmenorrhea: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Obstet. Gynecol. Sci. 2021; 64(4):353-63.

Teimoori B, Ghasemi M, Amir Hoseini SA, Razavi M. The Efficacy of Zinc Administration in the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea. Oman Med. J. 2016; 32(2): 107-11.

Chen YC, Chiang YF, Lin YJ, Huang KC, Chen HY, Hamdy NM, et.al. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients. 2023; 15: 3-15.

Abdi F, Akhavan M, Zaheri F, Rahnemaei FA. Role of vitamin D and calcium in the relief of primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review. Obstet. Gynecol. Sci. 2021; 64(1):13-26.

Amzajerdi A, Keshavarz M, Ghorbali E, Pezaro S, Sarvi F. The effect of vitamin D on the severity of dysmenorrhea and menstrual blood loss: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Womens Health. 2023; 23(138): 1-7.

Moini A, Ebrahimi T, Shirzad N, Hosseini R, Radfar M, Bandarian F, et.al. The effect of vitamin D on primary dysmenorrhea with vitamin D deficiency: a randomized doubleblind controlled clinical trial. Gynaecol. Endocrinol. 2016; 1-4.

Zarei S, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Mirghafourvand M, Javadzadeh Y, Effati-Daryani F. Effects of Calcium-Vitamin D and CalciumAlone on Pain Intensity and Menstrual Blood Loss in Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pain Med. 2016; 0: 1–11.

Trincado P. Hipovitaminosis D. Rev. Med. Clin. Condes. 2013; 24(5): 813-7.

Costanzo P, Salerni H. Hipovitaminosis D: afectaciones no clásicas. RAEM. 2009; 46(1): 3-23.

Arapiles Muños A, Lobo Antuña M, Albalate Ramón M. Hipercalcemia. Intoxicación por vitamina D. Nefrología al día. Publicado el 13 de mayo 2022; citado: 25 de febrero 2024. Disponible en: https://www.nefrologiaaldia.org/358.

Ramos C, Amigo C, Fabbiani S, Viroga S, Speranza N. Intoxicación con vitamina D: dosis, presentación clínica y abordaje terapéutico. Bol Farm. 2017;8(1): 1-5.

Rubio C, González Weller RE, Martín-Izquierdo C, Revert C, Rodríguez I, Hardisson A. El zinc: oligoelemento esencial. Nutr. Hosp. 2007; 22(1):101-7.

Nasiadek M, Stragierowicz J, Klimczak M, Kilanowicz A. The Role of Zinc in Selected Female Reproductive System Disorders. Nutrients. 2020; 12: 1-21.

López de Romaña D, Castillo C, Diazgranados D. El Zinc En La Salud Humana – I. Rev. Chil. Nutr. 2010; 37(2): 234-9.

Obiagwu HI, Eleje GU, Obiechina NJA, Nwosu BO, Udigwe GO, Ikechebelu JI, et.al. Efficacy of zinc supplementation for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Int. J. Med. Res. 2023; 51(5): 1-14.

Zekavat OR, Karimi MY, Amanat A, Alipour F. A randomised controlled trial of oral zinc sulphate for primary dysmenorrhoea in adolescent females. ANZJOG. 2015; 55: 369-73.

Kasbefi F, Khajehei M, Tabatabaee Cher M, Alavinia M, Asili J. Comparison of the Effect of Ginger and Zinc Sulfate on Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial. Pain Manag. Nurs. 2013; 15(4): 1-8.

McCabe D, Lisy K, Lockwood C, Colbeck M. The impact of essential fatty acid, B vitamins, vitamin C, magnesium and zinc supplementation on stress levels in women: a systematic review. Rev. Implement Rep. 2017; 15(2): 402-5353.

Saper RB, Rash R. Zinc: An Essential Micronutrient. Am. Fam. Physician. 2009;79(9): 1-10.

Willoughby JL, Bowen CN. Zinc deficiency and toxicity in pediatric practice. Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 2014; 26(5): 579-584.

Harmaza YM, Slobozhanina EI. inc Essentiality and Toxicity. Biophysical Aspects. Biophysics. 2014; 59(2): 264-75.

Published
2024-05-10
How to Cite
Gerardo Muñoz, L. S. (2024). The role of dietary supplements in the treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea: Vitamin D3 and Zinc . Mexican Journal of Medical Research ICSA, 12(24). Retrieved from https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/MJMR/article/view/12405