Resistencia antimicrobiana en infecciones genitourinarias: mecanismos, y nuevas estrategias terapéuticas

Jannet Jiménez Rodriguez

Authors

Jannet Jiménez Rodriguez Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, México. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5207-7236

Keywords:

Urinary tract infections (UTIs), Antimicrobial resistance, Extended-spectrum β-lactamases, Horizontal gene transfer, Multidrug-resistant bacteria

Abstract

The rise of antibiotic-resistant infections is a critical public health issue, particularly due to the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which complicates treatment and places a significant burden on healthcare systems. This article aims to analyze the main mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, such as the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases, the activation of efflux pumps, and the modification of porins, which allow bacteria to evade the effects of antibiotics. In this context, urinary tract infections will be reviewed within the framework of resistance. Recent studies on antimicrobial resistance in bacteria causing genitourinary infections were collected, with a focus on current therapeutic strategies and emerging options. Existing strategies are discussed, highlighting the importance of rational antibiotic use, the implementation of rapid susceptibility testing, and the development of new alternatives, such as β-lactamase inhibitor combinations with β-lactam antibiotics and novel antimicrobials like plazomicin. Although these innovations offer new opportunities for treating resistant infections, preventing resistance requires control policies and epidemiological surveillance. In conclusion, to tackle antimicrobial resistance, it is crucial to implement responsible antibiotic use practices, strengthen rapid diagnostic strategies, and encourage research into innovative treatments.

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