Regionalización frente a globalización: implicaciones estructurales para la gestión del riesgo en cadenas de suministro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29057/esa.v14iEspecial.17694Palabras clave:
Gestión de riesgos en la cadena de suministro, resiliencia de la cadena de suministro, globalización, regionalización, economías emergentes, nearshoringResumen
Las cadenas de suministro globales han mostrado una elevada vulnerabilidad ante perturbaciones recientes de carácter geopolítico, sanitario y logístico, lo que ha reactivado el debate sobre estrategias alternativas de configuración productiva, en particular la regionalización o nearshoring. Este trabajo analiza, desde una perspectiva de gestión de riesgos, las diferencias estructurales entre cadenas altamente globalizadas y configuraciones regionalizadas, poniendo el énfasis no en la eliminación del riesgo, sino en su transformación y gobernabilidad. A partir de un análisis conceptual apoyado en la literatura reciente y en evidencia empírica documentada, el estudio identifica mecanismos de propagación sistémica del riesgo asociados a la alta interdependencia global, así como los efectos de la modularidad y la proximidad geográfica en la contención del impacto de perturbaciones exógenas. Como contribución principal, se propone un marco analítico que permite reinterpretar el valor estratégico del nearshoring como una estrategia de rediseño del perfil de riesgo de la cadena de suministro, más que como una simple respuesta reactiva a disrupciones temporales. Los resultados sugieren que las configuraciones regionalizadas favorecen una mayor visibilidad operativa, capacidad de respuesta y control del riesgo, aunque introducen nuevos compromisos en términos de costos y eficiencia. El trabajo aporta implicaciones relevantes para la toma de decisiones estratégicas y el diseño resiliente de cadenas de suministro en entornos de alta incertidumbre..
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Derechos de autor 2026 Silvana Alamilla Perez

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.