Probióticos: héroes sin capa en enfermedades gastrointestinales en niños.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29057/icap.v12i23.15105Palabras clave:
niños, probióticos, enfermedad gastrointestinal, microbiota intestinalResumen
Los trastornos gastrointestinales en la población pediátrica, como el síndrome de intestino irritable, la diarrea aguda, el reflujo gastroesofágico y las infecciones por Helicobacter pylori, suelen estar asociadas a un desequilibrio en la microbiota intestinal. En este contexto, los probióticos han emergido como una estrategia terapéutica y preventiva eficaz para restablecer el equilibrio microbiano intestinal. Las cepas probióticas más estudiadas, como Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus reuteri, Saccharomyces baulardii y Bifidobacterium lactis, mostraron efectos positivos en la reducción de la duración de la diarrea, el alivio de los síntomas de síndrome de intestino irritable, y la mejora de la composición y función de la microbiota intestinal. Entre las cepas evaluadas Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG fue la que mostró mayor impacto, evidenciando beneficios clínicos significativos, particularmente en la reducción de la diarrea aguda infecciosa. La mayoría de los estudios reportaron buena tolerancia y mínimos efectos adversos; no obstante, su efectividad depende de la cepa, la dosis y contexto clínico.
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[1] Cecilia, H. C., Guadalupe, A. A. M., & Graciela, C. E. (2011). Situación de las enfermedades gastrointestinales en México. Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología, 31(4), 137.
[2] Vila, J., Álvarez-Martínez, M. J., Buesa, J., & Castillo, J. (2009). Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones gastrointestinales. Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiología Clínica, 27(7), 406–411.
[3] Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., Clemencia, V. G. M., Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., & Clemencia, V. G. M. (2022). Propuesta de intervención educativa para prevenir los factores de riesgo que determinan la prevalencia de infecciones gastrointestinales en niños menores de 5 años. Conrado, 18(87), 379-389.
[4] Soccol, C. R., Vandenberghe, L. D. S., Spier, M. R., Medeiros, A. B. P., Yamaguishi, C. T., Lindner, J. D. D., ... & Thomaz-Soccol, V. (2010). The potential of probiotics: a review.
[5] Williams, N. T. (2010). Probiotics. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 67(6), 449–458.
[6] Michail, S., Sylvester, F., Fuchs, G., & Issenman, R. (2006). Clinical efficacy of probiotics: review of the evidence with focus on children. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 43(4), 550–557.
[7] Hojsak, I. (2017). Probiotics in children: what is the evidence?. Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition, 20(3), 139-146.
[8] Vernon-Roberts, A., Alexander, I., & Day, A. S. (2021). Systematic Review of Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (Rome IV Criteria). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(21), 5087.
[9] Carco, C., Young, W., Gearry, R. B., Talley, N. J., McNabb, W. C., & Roy, N. C. (2020). Increasing Evidence That Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Have a Microbial Pathogenesis. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
[10] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World journal of gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875–1901.
[11] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World Journal Of Gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875-1901.
[12]Kamphorst, K., Van Daele, E., Vlieger, A. M., Daams, J. G., Knol, J., & Van Elburg, R. M. (2021). Early life antibiotics and childhood gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 5(1).
[13] Gwee, K. A., Lee, W. R. W., Chua, Q., Chiou, F. K., Aw, M. M., & Koh, Y. H. (2025). The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 40(1), 41-47.
[14] Guamán, L. P., Carrera-Pacheco, S. E., Zúñiga-Miranda, J., Teran, E., Erazo, C., & Barba-Ostria, C. (2024). The Impact of Bioactive Molecules from Probiotics on Child Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 16(21), 3706.
[15] Cruchet Muñoz, S., Verbeke Palma, S., Lera Marqués, L., Espinosa Pizarro, M. N., Malig Mechasqui, J., & Sorensen, K. (2024). Effects of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 in Children and Adolescents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients, 16(12), 1967.
[16] Hurych, J., Oscarsson, E., Håkanson, Å., Jirků-Pomajbíková, K., Jirků, M., Aronson, C. A., ... & HEDIMED Investigator Group. (2023). Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei supplementation on the single-cell fecal parasitome in children with celiac disease autoimmunity: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Parasites & Vectors, 16(1), 411.
[17] Martinelli, M., Banderali, G., Bobbio, M., Civardi, E., Chiara, A., D’Elios, S., ... & Villani, A. (2020). Probiotics’ efficacy in paediatric diseases: which is the evidence? A critical review on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Italian journal of pediatrics, 46, 1-13.
[18] Jones, E. A., Mitra, A. K., Bisht, A., Edet, P. P., Iseguede, F., & Okoye, E. (2023). Probiotics in gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review. IMC J. Med. Sci, 17(010).
[19] Capozza, M., Laforgia, N., Rizzo, V., Salvatore, S., Guandalini, S., & Baldassarre, M. (2022). Probiotics and functional gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric age: a narrative review. Frontiers in pediatrics, 10, 805466.
[20] García-Santos, J. A., Nieto-Ruiz, A., García-Ricobaraza, M., Cerdó, T., & Campoy, C. (2023). Impact of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in the pediatric population. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(11), 9427.
[21]Szajewska, H., Canani, R. B., Domellöf, M., Guarino, A., Hojsak, I., Indrio, F., ... & Weizman, Z. (2023). Probiotics for the management of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders: position paper of the ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 76(2), 232-247.
[22] Gwee KA, Lee WRW, Chua Q, Chiou FK, Aw MM, Koh YH. The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;40(1):41-47.
[23] Khanna HN, Roy S, Shaikh A, Chhabra R, Uddin A. Impact of probiotic supplements on behavioural and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025;9(1):e003045.
[24] Dong M, Wu Y, Zhang M, Chen P, Zhang Z, Wang S. Effect of probiotics intake on constipation in children: an umbrella review. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1218909.
[1] Cecilia, H. C., Guadalupe, A. A. M., & Graciela, C. E. (2011). Situación de las enfermedades gastrointestinales en México. Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología, 31(4), 137.
[2] Vila, J., Álvarez-Martínez, M. J., Buesa, J., & Castillo, J. (2009). Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones gastrointestinales. Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiología Clínica, 27(7), 406–411.
[3] Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., Clemencia, V. G. M., Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., & Clemencia, V. G. M. (2022). Propuesta de intervención educativa para prevenir los factores de riesgo que determinan la prevalencia de infecciones gastrointestinales en niños menores de 5 años. Conrado, 18(87), 379-389.
[4] Soccol, C. R., Vandenberghe, L. D. S., Spier, M. R., Medeiros, A. B. P., Yamaguishi, C. T., Lindner, J. D. D., ... & Thomaz-Soccol, V. (2010). The potential of probiotics: a review.
[5] Williams, N. T. (2010). Probiotics. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 67(6), 449–458.
[6] Michail, S., Sylvester, F., Fuchs, G., & Issenman, R. (2006). Clinical efficacy of probiotics: review of the evidence with focus on children. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 43(4), 550–557.
[7] Hojsak, I. (2017). Probiotics in children: what is the evidence?. Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition, 20(3), 139-146.
[8] Vernon-Roberts, A., Alexander, I., & Day, A. S. (2021). Systematic Review of Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (Rome IV Criteria). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(21), 5087.
[9] Carco, C., Young, W., Gearry, R. B., Talley, N. J., McNabb, W. C., & Roy, N. C. (2020). Increasing Evidence That Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Have a Microbial Pathogenesis. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
[10] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World journal of gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875–1901.
[11] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World Journal Of Gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875-1901.
[12]Kamphorst, K., Van Daele, E., Vlieger, A. M., Daams, J. G., Knol, J., & Van Elburg, R. M. (2021). Early life antibiotics and childhood gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 5(1).
[13] Gwee, K. A., Lee, W. R. W., Chua, Q., Chiou, F. K., Aw, M. M., & Koh, Y. H. (2025). The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 40(1), 41-47.
[14] Guamán, L. P., Carrera-Pacheco, S. E., Zúñiga-Miranda, J., Teran, E., Erazo, C., & Barba-Ostria, C. (2024). The Impact of Bioactive Molecules from Probiotics on Child Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 16(21), 3706.
[15] Cruchet Muñoz, S., Verbeke Palma, S., Lera Marqués, L., Espinosa Pizarro, M. N., Malig Mechasqui, J., & Sorensen, K. (2024). Effects of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 in Children and Adolescents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients, 16(12), 1967.
[16] Hurych, J., Oscarsson, E., Håkanson, Å., Jirků-Pomajbíková, K., Jirků, M., Aronson, C. A., ... & HEDIMED Investigator Group. (2023). Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei supplementation on the single-cell fecal parasitome in children with celiac disease autoimmunity: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Parasites & Vectors, 16(1), 411.
[17] Martinelli, M., Banderali, G., Bobbio, M., Civardi, E., Chiara, A., D’Elios, S., ... & Villani, A. (2020). Probiotics’ efficacy in paediatric diseases: which is the evidence? A critical review on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Italian journal of pediatrics, 46, 1-13.
[18] Jones, E. A., Mitra, A. K., Bisht, A., Edet, P. P., Iseguede, F., & Okoye, E. (2023). Probiotics in gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review. IMC J. Med. Sci, 17(010).
[19] Capozza, M., Laforgia, N., Rizzo, V., Salvatore, S., Guandalini, S., & Baldassarre, M. (2022). Probiotics and functional gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric age: a narrative review. Frontiers in pediatrics, 10, 805466.
[20] García-Santos, J. A., Nieto-Ruiz, A., García-Ricobaraza, M., Cerdó, T., & Campoy, C. (2023). Impact of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in the pediatric population. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(11), 9427.
[21]Szajewska, H., Canani, R. B., Domellöf, M., Guarino, A., Hojsak, I., Indrio, F., ... & Weizman, Z. (2023). Probiotics for the management of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders: position paper of the ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 76(2), 232-247.
[22] Gwee KA, Lee WRW, Chua Q, Chiou FK, Aw MM, Koh YH. The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;40(1):41-47.
[23] Khanna HN, Roy S, Shaikh A, Chhabra R, Uddin A. Impact of probiotic supplements on behavioural and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025;9(1):e003045.
[24] Dong M, Wu Y, Zhang M, Chen P, Zhang Z, Wang S. Effect of probiotics intake on constipation in children: an umbrella review. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1218909.
[1] Cecilia, H. C., Guadalupe, A. A. M., & Graciela, C. E. (2011). Situación de las enfermedades gastrointestinales en México. Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología, 31(4), 137.
[2] Vila, J., Álvarez-Martínez, M. J., Buesa, J., & Castillo, J. (2009). Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones gastrointestinales. Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiología Clínica, 27(7), 406–411.
[3] Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., Clemencia, V. G. M., Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., & Clemencia, V. G. M. (2022). Propuesta de intervención educativa para prevenir los factores de riesgo que determinan la prevalencia de infecciones gastrointestinales en niños menores de 5 años. Conrado, 18(87), 379-389.
[4] Soccol, C. R., Vandenberghe, L. D. S., Spier, M. R., Medeiros, A. B. P., Yamaguishi, C. T., Lindner, J. D. D., ... & Thomaz-Soccol, V. (2010). The potential of probiotics: a review.
[5] Williams, N. T. (2010). Probiotics. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 67(6), 449–458.
[6] Michail, S., Sylvester, F., Fuchs, G., & Issenman, R. (2006). Clinical efficacy of probiotics: review of the evidence with focus on children. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 43(4), 550–557.
[7] Hojsak, I. (2017). Probiotics in children: what is the evidence?. Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition, 20(3), 139-146.
[8] Vernon-Roberts, A., Alexander, I., & Day, A. S. (2021). Systematic Review of Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (Rome IV Criteria). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(21), 5087.
[9] Carco, C., Young, W., Gearry, R. B., Talley, N. J., McNabb, W. C., & Roy, N. C. (2020). Increasing Evidence That Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Have a Microbial Pathogenesis. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
[10] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World journal of gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875–1901.
[11] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World Journal Of Gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875-1901.
[12]Kamphorst, K., Van Daele, E., Vlieger, A. M., Daams, J. G., Knol, J., & Van Elburg, R. M. (2021). Early life antibiotics and childhood gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 5(1).
[13] Gwee, K. A., Lee, W. R. W., Chua, Q., Chiou, F. K., Aw, M. M., & Koh, Y. H. (2025). The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 40(1), 41-47.
[14] Guamán, L. P., Carrera-Pacheco, S. E., Zúñiga-Miranda, J., Teran, E., Erazo, C., & Barba-Ostria, C. (2024). The Impact of Bioactive Molecules from Probiotics on Child Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 16(21), 3706.
[15] Cruchet Muñoz, S., Verbeke Palma, S., Lera Marqués, L., Espinosa Pizarro, M. N., Malig Mechasqui, J., & Sorensen, K. (2024). Effects of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 in Children and Adolescents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients, 16(12), 1967.
[16] Hurych, J., Oscarsson, E., Håkanson, Å., Jirků-Pomajbíková, K., Jirků, M., Aronson, C. A., ... & HEDIMED Investigator Group. (2023). Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei supplementation on the single-cell fecal parasitome in children with celiac disease autoimmunity: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Parasites & Vectors, 16(1), 411.
[17] Martinelli, M., Banderali, G., Bobbio, M., Civardi, E., Chiara, A., D’Elios, S., ... & Villani, A. (2020). Probiotics’ efficacy in paediatric diseases: which is the evidence? A critical review on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Italian journal of pediatrics, 46, 1-13.
[18] Jones, E. A., Mitra, A. K., Bisht, A., Edet, P. P., Iseguede, F., & Okoye, E. (2023). Probiotics in gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review. IMC J. Med. Sci, 17(010).
[19] Capozza, M., Laforgia, N., Rizzo, V., Salvatore, S., Guandalini, S., & Baldassarre, M. (2022). Probiotics and functional gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric age: a narrative review. Frontiers in pediatrics, 10, 805466.
[20] García-Santos, J. A., Nieto-Ruiz, A., García-Ricobaraza, M., Cerdó, T., & Campoy, C. (2023). Impact of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in the pediatric population. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(11), 9427.
[21]Szajewska, H., Canani, R. B., Domellöf, M., Guarino, A., Hojsak, I., Indrio, F., ... & Weizman, Z. (2023). Probiotics for the management of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders: position paper of the ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 76(2), 232-247.
[22] Gwee KA, Lee WRW, Chua Q, Chiou FK, Aw MM, Koh YH. The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;40(1):41-47.
[23] Khanna HN, Roy S, Shaikh A, Chhabra R, Uddin A. Impact of probiotic supplements on behavioural and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025;9(1):e003045.
[24] Dong M, Wu Y, Zhang M, Chen P, Zhang Z, Wang S. Effect of probiotics intake on constipation in children: an umbrella review. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1218909.
[1] Cecilia, H. C., Guadalupe, A. A. M., & Graciela, C. E. (2011). Situación de las enfermedades gastrointestinales en México. Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología, 31(4), 137.
[2] Vila, J., Álvarez-Martínez, M. J., Buesa, J., & Castillo, J. (2009). Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones gastrointestinales. Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiología Clínica, 27(7), 406–411.
[3] Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., Clemencia, V. G. M., Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., & Clemencia, V. G. M. (2022). Propuesta de intervención educativa para prevenir los factores de riesgo que determinan la prevalencia de infecciones gastrointestinales en niños menores de 5 años. Conrado, 18(87), 379-389.
[4] Soccol, C. R., Vandenberghe, L. D. S., Spier, M. R., Medeiros, A. B. P., Yamaguishi, C. T., Lindner, J. D. D., ... & Thomaz-Soccol, V. (2010). The potential of probiotics: a review.
[5] Williams, N. T. (2010). Probiotics. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 67(6), 449–458.
[6] Michail, S., Sylvester, F., Fuchs, G., & Issenman, R. (2006). Clinical efficacy of probiotics: review of the evidence with focus on children. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 43(4), 550–557.
[7] Hojsak, I. (2017). Probiotics in children: what is the evidence?. Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition, 20(3), 139-146.
[8] Vernon-Roberts, A., Alexander, I., & Day, A. S. (2021). Systematic Review of Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (Rome IV Criteria). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(21), 5087.
[9] Carco, C., Young, W., Gearry, R. B., Talley, N. J., McNabb, W. C., & Roy, N. C. (2020). Increasing Evidence That Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Have a Microbial Pathogenesis. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
[10] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World journal of gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875–1901.
[11] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World Journal Of Gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875-1901.
[12]Kamphorst, K., Van Daele, E., Vlieger, A. M., Daams, J. G., Knol, J., & Van Elburg, R. M. (2021). Early life antibiotics and childhood gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 5(1).
[13] Gwee, K. A., Lee, W. R. W., Chua, Q., Chiou, F. K., Aw, M. M., & Koh, Y. H. (2025). The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 40(1), 41-47.
[14] Guamán, L. P., Carrera-Pacheco, S. E., Zúñiga-Miranda, J., Teran, E., Erazo, C., & Barba-Ostria, C. (2024). The Impact of Bioactive Molecules from Probiotics on Child Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 16(21), 3706.
[15] Cruchet Muñoz, S., Verbeke Palma, S., Lera Marqués, L., Espinosa Pizarro, M. N., Malig Mechasqui, J., & Sorensen, K. (2024). Effects of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 in Children and Adolescents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients, 16(12), 1967.
[16] Hurych, J., Oscarsson, E., Håkanson, Å., Jirků-Pomajbíková, K., Jirků, M., Aronson, C. A., ... & HEDIMED Investigator Group. (2023). Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei supplementation on the single-cell fecal parasitome in children with celiac disease autoimmunity: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Parasites & Vectors, 16(1), 411.
[17] Martinelli, M., Banderali, G., Bobbio, M., Civardi, E., Chiara, A., D’Elios, S., ... & Villani, A. (2020). Probiotics’ efficacy in paediatric diseases: which is the evidence? A critical review on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Italian journal of pediatrics, 46, 1-13.
[18] Jones, E. A., Mitra, A. K., Bisht, A., Edet, P. P., Iseguede, F., & Okoye, E. (2023). Probiotics in gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review. IMC J. Med. Sci, 17(010).
[19] Capozza, M., Laforgia, N., Rizzo, V., Salvatore, S., Guandalini, S., & Baldassarre, M. (2022). Probiotics and functional gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric age: a narrative review. Frontiers in pediatrics, 10, 805466.
[20] García-Santos, J. A., Nieto-Ruiz, A., García-Ricobaraza, M., Cerdó, T., & Campoy, C. (2023). Impact of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in the pediatric population. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(11), 9427.
[21]Szajewska, H., Canani, R. B., Domellöf, M., Guarino, A., Hojsak, I., Indrio, F., ... & Weizman, Z. (2023). Probiotics for the management of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders: position paper of the ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 76(2), 232-247.
[22] Gwee KA, Lee WRW, Chua Q, Chiou FK, Aw MM, Koh YH. The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;40(1):41-47.
[23] Khanna HN, Roy S, Shaikh A, Chhabra R, Uddin A. Impact of probiotic supplements on behavioural and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025;9(1):e003045.
[24] Dong M, Wu Y, Zhang M, Chen P, Zhang Z, Wang S. Effect of probiotics intake on constipation in children: an umbrella review. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1218909.
[1] Cecilia, H. C., Guadalupe, A. A. M., & Graciela, C. E. (2011). Situación de las enfermedades gastrointestinales en México. Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología, 31(4), 137.
[2] Vila, J., Álvarez-Martínez, M. J., Buesa, J., & Castillo, J. (2009). Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones gastrointestinales. Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiología Clínica, 27(7), 406–411.
[3] Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., Clemencia, V. G. M., Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., & Clemencia, V. G. M. (2022). Propuesta de intervención educativa para prevenir los factores de riesgo que determinan la prevalencia de infecciones gastrointestinales en niños menores de 5 años. Conrado, 18(87), 379-389.
[4] Soccol, C. R., Vandenberghe, L. D. S., Spier, M. R., Medeiros, A. B. P., Yamaguishi, C. T., Lindner, J. D. D., ... & Thomaz-Soccol, V. (2010). The potential of probiotics: a review.
[5] Williams, N. T. (2010). Probiotics. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 67(6), 449–458.
[6] Michail, S., Sylvester, F., Fuchs, G., & Issenman, R. (2006). Clinical efficacy of probiotics: review of the evidence with focus on children. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 43(4), 550–557.
[7] Hojsak, I. (2017). Probiotics in children: what is the evidence?. Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition, 20(3), 139-146.
[8] Vernon-Roberts, A., Alexander, I., & Day, A. S. (2021). Systematic Review of Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (Rome IV Criteria). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(21), 5087.
[9] Carco, C., Young, W., Gearry, R. B., Talley, N. J., McNabb, W. C., & Roy, N. C. (2020). Increasing Evidence That Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Have a Microbial Pathogenesis. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
[10] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World journal of gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875–1901.
[11] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World Journal Of Gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875-1901.
[12]Kamphorst, K., Van Daele, E., Vlieger, A. M., Daams, J. G., Knol, J., & Van Elburg, R. M. (2021). Early life antibiotics and childhood gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 5(1).
[13] Gwee, K. A., Lee, W. R. W., Chua, Q., Chiou, F. K., Aw, M. M., & Koh, Y. H. (2025). The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 40(1), 41-47.
[14] Guamán, L. P., Carrera-Pacheco, S. E., Zúñiga-Miranda, J., Teran, E., Erazo, C., & Barba-Ostria, C. (2024). The Impact of Bioactive Molecules from Probiotics on Child Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 16(21), 3706.
[15] Cruchet Muñoz, S., Verbeke Palma, S., Lera Marqués, L., Espinosa Pizarro, M. N., Malig Mechasqui, J., & Sorensen, K. (2024). Effects of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 in Children and Adolescents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients, 16(12), 1967.
[16] Hurych, J., Oscarsson, E., Håkanson, Å., Jirků-Pomajbíková, K., Jirků, M., Aronson, C. A., ... & HEDIMED Investigator Group. (2023). Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei supplementation on the single-cell fecal parasitome in children with celiac disease autoimmunity: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Parasites & Vectors, 16(1), 411.
[17] Martinelli, M., Banderali, G., Bobbio, M., Civardi, E., Chiara, A., D’Elios, S., ... & Villani, A. (2020). Probiotics’ efficacy in paediatric diseases: which is the evidence? A critical review on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Italian journal of pediatrics, 46, 1-13.
[18] Jones, E. A., Mitra, A. K., Bisht, A., Edet, P. P., Iseguede, F., & Okoye, E. (2023). Probiotics in gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review. IMC J. Med. Sci, 17(010).
[19] Capozza, M., Laforgia, N., Rizzo, V., Salvatore, S., Guandalini, S., & Baldassarre, M. (2022). Probiotics and functional gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric age: a narrative review. Frontiers in pediatrics, 10, 805466.
[20] García-Santos, J. A., Nieto-Ruiz, A., García-Ricobaraza, M., Cerdó, T., & Campoy, C. (2023). Impact of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in the pediatric population. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(11), 9427.
[21]Szajewska, H., Canani, R. B., Domellöf, M., Guarino, A., Hojsak, I., Indrio, F., ... & Weizman, Z. (2023). Probiotics for the management of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders: position paper of the ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 76(2), 232-247.
[22] Gwee KA, Lee WRW, Chua Q, Chiou FK, Aw MM, Koh YH. The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;40(1):41-47.
[23] Khanna HN, Roy S, Shaikh A, Chhabra R, Uddin A. Impact of probiotic supplements on behavioural and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025;9(1):e003045.
[24] Dong M, Wu Y, Zhang M, Chen P, Zhang Z, Wang S. Effect of probiotics intake on constipation in children: an umbrella review. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1218909.
[1] Cecilia, H. C., Guadalupe, A. A. M., & Graciela, C. E. (2011). Situación de las enfermedades gastrointestinales en México. Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología, 31(4), 137.
[2] Vila, J., Álvarez-Martínez, M. J., Buesa, J., & Castillo, J. (2009). Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones gastrointestinales. Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiología Clínica, 27(7), 406–411.
[3] Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., Clemencia, V. G. M., Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., & Clemencia, V. G. M. (2022). Propuesta de intervención educativa para prevenir los factores de riesgo que determinan la prevalencia de infecciones gastrointestinales en niños menores de 5 años. Conrado, 18(87), 379-389.
[4] Soccol, C. R., Vandenberghe, L. D. S., Spier, M. R., Medeiros, A. B. P., Yamaguishi, C. T., Lindner, J. D. D., ... & Thomaz-Soccol, V. (2010). The potential of probiotics: a review.
[5] Williams, N. T. (2010). Probiotics. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 67(6), 449–458.
[6] Michail, S., Sylvester, F., Fuchs, G., & Issenman, R. (2006). Clinical efficacy of probiotics: review of the evidence with focus on children. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 43(4), 550–557.
[7] Hojsak, I. (2017). Probiotics in children: what is the evidence?. Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition, 20(3), 139-146.
[8] Vernon-Roberts, A., Alexander, I., & Day, A. S. (2021). Systematic Review of Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (Rome IV Criteria). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(21), 5087.
[9] Carco, C., Young, W., Gearry, R. B., Talley, N. J., McNabb, W. C., & Roy, N. C. (2020). Increasing Evidence That Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Have a Microbial Pathogenesis. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
[10] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World journal of gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875–1901.
[11] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World Journal Of Gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875-1901.
[12]Kamphorst, K., Van Daele, E., Vlieger, A. M., Daams, J. G., Knol, J., & Van Elburg, R. M. (2021). Early life antibiotics and childhood gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 5(1).
[13] Gwee, K. A., Lee, W. R. W., Chua, Q., Chiou, F. K., Aw, M. M., & Koh, Y. H. (2025). The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 40(1), 41-47.
[14] Guamán, L. P., Carrera-Pacheco, S. E., Zúñiga-Miranda, J., Teran, E., Erazo, C., & Barba-Ostria, C. (2024). The Impact of Bioactive Molecules from Probiotics on Child Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 16(21), 3706.
[15] Cruchet Muñoz, S., Verbeke Palma, S., Lera Marqués, L., Espinosa Pizarro, M. N., Malig Mechasqui, J., & Sorensen, K. (2024). Effects of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 in Children and Adolescents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients, 16(12), 1967.
[16] Hurych, J., Oscarsson, E., Håkanson, Å., Jirků-Pomajbíková, K., Jirků, M., Aronson, C. A., ... & HEDIMED Investigator Group. (2023). Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei supplementation on the single-cell fecal parasitome in children with celiac disease autoimmunity: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Parasites & Vectors, 16(1), 411.
[17] Martinelli, M., Banderali, G., Bobbio, M., Civardi, E., Chiara, A., D’Elios, S., ... & Villani, A. (2020). Probiotics’ efficacy in paediatric diseases: which is the evidence? A critical review on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Italian journal of pediatrics, 46, 1-13.
[18] Jones, E. A., Mitra, A. K., Bisht, A., Edet, P. P., Iseguede, F., & Okoye, E. (2023). Probiotics in gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review. IMC J. Med. Sci, 17(010).
[19] Capozza, M., Laforgia, N., Rizzo, V., Salvatore, S., Guandalini, S., & Baldassarre, M. (2022). Probiotics and functional gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric age: a narrative review. Frontiers in pediatrics, 10, 805466.
[20] García-Santos, J. A., Nieto-Ruiz, A., García-Ricobaraza, M., Cerdó, T., & Campoy, C. (2023). Impact of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in the pediatric population. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(11), 9427.
[21]Szajewska, H., Canani, R. B., Domellöf, M., Guarino, A., Hojsak, I., Indrio, F., ... & Weizman, Z. (2023). Probiotics for the management of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders: position paper of the ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 76(2), 232-247.
[22] Gwee KA, Lee WRW, Chua Q, Chiou FK, Aw MM, Koh YH. The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;40(1):41-47.
[23] Khanna HN, Roy S, Shaikh A, Chhabra R, Uddin A. Impact of probiotic supplements on behavioural and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025;9(1):e003045.
[24] Dong M, Wu Y, Zhang M, Chen P, Zhang Z, Wang S. Effect of probiotics intake on constipation in children: an umbrella review. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1218909.
[2] Vila, J., Álvarez-Martínez, M. J., Buesa, J., & Castillo, J. (2009). Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones gastrointestinales. Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiología Clínica, 27(7), 406–411.
[3] Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., Clemencia, V. G. M., Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., & Clemencia, V. G. M. (2022). Propuesta de intervención educativa para prevenir los factores de riesgo que determinan la prevalencia de infecciones gastrointestinales en niños menores de 5 años. Conrado, 18(87), 379-389.
[4] Soccol, C. R., Vandenberghe, L. D. S., Spier, M. R., Medeiros, A. B. P., Yamaguishi, C. T., Lindner, J. D. D., ... & Thomaz-Soccol, V. (2010). The potential of probiotics: a review.
[5] Williams, N. T. (2010). Probiotics. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 67(6), 449–458.
[6] Michail, S., Sylvester, F., Fuchs, G., & Issenman, R. (2006). Clinical efficacy of probiotics: review of the evidence with focus on children. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 43(4), 550–557.
[7] Hojsak, I. (2017). Probiotics in children: what is the evidence?. Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition, 20(3), 139-146.
[8] Vernon-Roberts, A., Alexander, I., & Day, A. S. (2021). Systematic Review of Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (Rome IV Criteria). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(21), 5087.
[9] Carco, C., Young, W., Gearry, R. B., Talley, N. J., McNabb, W. C., & Roy, N. C. (2020). Increasing Evidence That Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Have a Microbial Pathogenesis. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
[10] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World journal of gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875–1901.
[11] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World Journal Of Gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875-1901.
[12]Kamphorst, K., Van Daele, E., Vlieger, A. M., Daams, J. G., Knol, J., & Van Elburg, R. M. (2021). Early life antibiotics and childhood gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 5(1).
[13] Gwee, K. A., Lee, W. R. W., Chua, Q., Chiou, F. K., Aw, M. M., & Koh, Y. H. (2025). The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 40(1), 41-47.
[14] Guamán, L. P., Carrera-Pacheco, S. E., Zúñiga-Miranda, J., Teran, E., Erazo, C., & Barba-Ostria, C. (2024). The Impact of Bioactive Molecules from Probiotics on Child Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 16(21), 3706.
[15] Cruchet Muñoz, S., Verbeke Palma, S., Lera Marqués, L., Espinosa Pizarro, M. N., Malig Mechasqui, J., & Sorensen, K. (2024). Effects of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 in Children and Adolescents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients, 16(12), 1967.
[16] Hurych, J., Oscarsson, E., Håkanson, Å., Jirků-Pomajbíková, K., Jirků, M., Aronson, C. A., ... & HEDIMED Investigator Group. (2023). Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei supplementation on the single-cell fecal parasitome in children with celiac disease autoimmunity: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Parasites & Vectors, 16(1), 411.
[17] Martinelli, M., Banderali, G., Bobbio, M., Civardi, E., Chiara, A., D’Elios, S., ... & Villani, A. (2020). Probiotics’ efficacy in paediatric diseases: which is the evidence? A critical review on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Italian journal of pediatrics, 46, 1-13.
[18] Jones, E. A., Mitra, A. K., Bisht, A., Edet, P. P., Iseguede, F., & Okoye, E. (2023). Probiotics in gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review. IMC J. Med. Sci, 17(010).
[19] Capozza, M., Laforgia, N., Rizzo, V., Salvatore, S., Guandalini, S., & Baldassarre, M. (2022). Probiotics and functional gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric age: a narrative review. Frontiers in pediatrics, 10, 805466.
[20] García-Santos, J. A., Nieto-Ruiz, A., García-Ricobaraza, M., Cerdó, T., & Campoy, C. (2023). Impact of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in the pediatric population. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(11), 9427.
[21]Szajewska, H., Canani, R. B., Domellöf, M., Guarino, A., Hojsak, I., Indrio, F., ... & Weizman, Z. (2023). Probiotics for the management of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders: position paper of the ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 76(2), 232-247.
[22] Gwee KA, Lee WRW, Chua Q, Chiou FK, Aw MM, Koh YH. The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;40(1):41-47.
[23] Khanna HN, Roy S, Shaikh A, Chhabra R, Uddin A. Impact of probiotic supplements on behavioural and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025;9(1):e003045.
[24] Dong M, Wu Y, Zhang M, Chen P, Zhang Z, Wang S. Effect of probiotics intake on constipation in children: an umbrella review. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1218909.
[1] Cecilia, H. C., Guadalupe, A. A. M., & Graciela, C. E. (2011). Situación de las enfermedades gastrointestinales en México. Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología, 31(4), 137.
[2] Vila, J., Álvarez-Martínez, M. J., Buesa, J., & Castillo, J. (2009). Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones gastrointestinales. Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiología Clínica, 27(7), 406–411.
[3] Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., Clemencia, V. G. M., Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., & Clemencia, V. G. M. (2022). Propuesta de intervención educativa para prevenir los factores de riesgo que determinan la prevalencia de infecciones gastrointestinales en niños menores de 5 años. Conrado, 18(87), 379-389.
[4] Soccol, C. R., Vandenberghe, L. D. S., Spier, M. R., Medeiros, A. B. P., Yamaguishi, C. T., Lindner, J. D. D., ... & Thomaz-Soccol, V. (2010). The potential of probiotics: a review.
[5] Williams, N. T. (2010). Probiotics. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 67(6), 449–458.
[6] Michail, S., Sylvester, F., Fuchs, G., & Issenman, R. (2006). Clinical efficacy of probiotics: review of the evidence with focus on children. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 43(4), 550–557.
[7] Hojsak, I. (2017). Probiotics in children: what is the evidence?. Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition, 20(3), 139-146.
[8] Vernon-Roberts, A., Alexander, I., & Day, A. S. (2021). Systematic Review of Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (Rome IV Criteria). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(21), 5087.
[9] Carco, C., Young, W., Gearry, R. B., Talley, N. J., McNabb, W. C., & Roy, N. C. (2020). Increasing Evidence That Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Have a Microbial Pathogenesis. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
[10] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World journal of gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875–1901.
[11] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World Journal Of Gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875-1901.
[12]Kamphorst, K., Van Daele, E., Vlieger, A. M., Daams, J. G., Knol, J., & Van Elburg, R. M. (2021). Early life antibiotics and childhood gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 5(1).
[13] Gwee, K. A., Lee, W. R. W., Chua, Q., Chiou, F. K., Aw, M. M., & Koh, Y. H. (2025). The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 40(1), 41-47.
[14] Guamán, L. P., Carrera-Pacheco, S. E., Zúñiga-Miranda, J., Teran, E., Erazo, C., & Barba-Ostria, C. (2024). The Impact of Bioactive Molecules from Probiotics on Child Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 16(21), 3706.
[15] Cruchet Muñoz, S., Verbeke Palma, S., Lera Marqués, L., Espinosa Pizarro, M. N., Malig Mechasqui, J., & Sorensen, K. (2024). Effects of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 in Children and Adolescents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients, 16(12), 1967.
[16] Hurych, J., Oscarsson, E., Håkanson, Å., Jirků-Pomajbíková, K., Jirků, M., Aronson, C. A., ... & HEDIMED Investigator Group. (2023). Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei supplementation on the single-cell fecal parasitome in children with celiac disease autoimmunity: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Parasites & Vectors, 16(1), 411.
[17] Martinelli, M., Banderali, G., Bobbio, M., Civardi, E., Chiara, A., D’Elios, S., ... & Villani, A. (2020). Probiotics’ efficacy in paediatric diseases: which is the evidence? A critical review on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Italian journal of pediatrics, 46, 1-13.
[18] Jones, E. A., Mitra, A. K., Bisht, A., Edet, P. P., Iseguede, F., & Okoye, E. (2023). Probiotics in gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review. IMC J. Med. Sci, 17(010).
[19] Capozza, M., Laforgia, N., Rizzo, V., Salvatore, S., Guandalini, S., & Baldassarre, M. (2022). Probiotics and functional gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric age: a narrative review. Frontiers in pediatrics, 10, 805466.
[20] García-Santos, J. A., Nieto-Ruiz, A., García-Ricobaraza, M., Cerdó, T., & Campoy, C. (2023). Impact of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in the pediatric population. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(11), 9427.
[21]Szajewska, H., Canani, R. B., Domellöf, M., Guarino, A., Hojsak, I., Indrio, F., ... & Weizman, Z. (2023). Probiotics for the management of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders: position paper of the ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 76(2), 232-247.
[22] Gwee KA, Lee WRW, Chua Q, Chiou FK, Aw MM, Koh YH. The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;40(1):41-47.
[23] Khanna HN, Roy S, Shaikh A, Chhabra R, Uddin A. Impact of probiotic supplements on behavioural and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025;9(1):e003045.
[24] Dong M, Wu Y, Zhang M, Chen P, Zhang Z, Wang S. Effect of probiotics intake on constipation in children: an umbrella review. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1218909.
[1] Cecilia, H. C., Guadalupe, A. A. M., & Graciela, C. E. (2011). Situación de las enfermedades gastrointestinales en México. Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología, 31(4), 137.
[2] Vila, J., Álvarez-Martínez, M. J., Buesa, J., & Castillo, J. (2009). Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones gastrointestinales. Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiología Clínica, 27(7), 406–411.
[3] Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., Clemencia, V. G. M., Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., & Clemencia, V. G. M. (2022). Propuesta de intervención educativa para prevenir los factores de riesgo que determinan la prevalencia de infecciones gastrointestinales en niños menores de 5 años. Conrado, 18(87), 379-389.
[4] Soccol, C. R., Vandenberghe, L. D. S., Spier, M. R., Medeiros, A. B. P., Yamaguishi, C. T., Lindner, J. D. D., ... & Thomaz-Soccol, V. (2010). The potential of probiotics: a review.
[5] Williams, N. T. (2010). Probiotics. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 67(6), 449–458.
[6] Michail, S., Sylvester, F., Fuchs, G., & Issenman, R. (2006). Clinical efficacy of probiotics: review of the evidence with focus on children. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 43(4), 550–557.
[7] Hojsak, I. (2017). Probiotics in children: what is the evidence?. Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition, 20(3), 139-146.
[8] Vernon-Roberts, A., Alexander, I., & Day, A. S. (2021). Systematic Review of Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (Rome IV Criteria). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(21), 5087.
[9] Carco, C., Young, W., Gearry, R. B., Talley, N. J., McNabb, W. C., & Roy, N. C. (2020). Increasing Evidence That Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Have a Microbial Pathogenesis. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
[10] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World journal of gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875–1901.
[11] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World Journal Of Gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875-1901.
[12]Kamphorst, K., Van Daele, E., Vlieger, A. M., Daams, J. G., Knol, J., & Van Elburg, R. M. (2021). Early life antibiotics and childhood gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 5(1).
[13] Gwee, K. A., Lee, W. R. W., Chua, Q., Chiou, F. K., Aw, M. M., & Koh, Y. H. (2025). The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 40(1), 41-47.
[14] Guamán, L. P., Carrera-Pacheco, S. E., Zúñiga-Miranda, J., Teran, E., Erazo, C., & Barba-Ostria, C. (2024). The Impact of Bioactive Molecules from Probiotics on Child Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 16(21), 3706.
[15] Cruchet Muñoz, S., Verbeke Palma, S., Lera Marqués, L., Espinosa Pizarro, M. N., Malig Mechasqui, J., & Sorensen, K. (2024). Effects of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 in Children and Adolescents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients, 16(12), 1967.
[16] Hurych, J., Oscarsson, E., Håkanson, Å., Jirků-Pomajbíková, K., Jirků, M., Aronson, C. A., ... & HEDIMED Investigator Group. (2023). Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei supplementation on the single-cell fecal parasitome in children with celiac disease autoimmunity: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Parasites & Vectors, 16(1), 411.
[17] Martinelli, M., Banderali, G., Bobbio, M., Civardi, E., Chiara, A., D’Elios, S., ... & Villani, A. (2020). Probiotics’ efficacy in paediatric diseases: which is the evidence? A critical review on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Italian journal of pediatrics, 46, 1-13.
[18] Jones, E. A., Mitra, A. K., Bisht, A., Edet, P. P., Iseguede, F., & Okoye, E. (2023). Probiotics in gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review. IMC J. Med. Sci, 17(010).
[19] Capozza, M., Laforgia, N., Rizzo, V., Salvatore, S., Guandalini, S., & Baldassarre, M. (2022). Probiotics and functional gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric age: a narrative review. Frontiers in pediatrics, 10, 805466.
[20] García-Santos, J. A., Nieto-Ruiz, A., García-Ricobaraza, M., Cerdó, T., & Campoy, C. (2023). Impact of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in the pediatric population. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(11), 9427.
[21]Szajewska, H., Canani, R. B., Domellöf, M., Guarino, A., Hojsak, I., Indrio, F., ... & Weizman, Z. (2023). Probiotics for the management of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders: position paper of the ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 76(2), 232-247.
[22] Gwee KA, Lee WRW, Chua Q, Chiou FK, Aw MM, Koh YH. The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;40(1):41-47.
[23] Khanna HN, Roy S, Shaikh A, Chhabra R, Uddin A. Impact of probiotic supplements on behavioural and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025;9(1):e003045.
[24] Dong M, Wu Y, Zhang M, Chen P, Zhang Z, Wang S. Effect of probiotics intake on constipation in children: an umbrella review. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1218909.
[1] Cecilia, H. C., Guadalupe, A. A. M., & Graciela, C. E. (2011). Situación de las enfermedades gastrointestinales en México. Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología, 31(4), 137.
[2] Vila, J., Álvarez-Martínez, M. J., Buesa, J., & Castillo, J. (2009). Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones gastrointestinales. Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiología Clínica, 27(7), 406–411.
[3] Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., Clemencia, V. G. M., Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., & Clemencia, V. G. M. (2022). Propuesta de intervención educativa para prevenir los factores de riesgo que determinan la prevalencia de infecciones gastrointestinales en niños menores de 5 años. Conrado, 18(87), 379-389.
[4] Soccol, C. R., Vandenberghe, L. D. S., Spier, M. R., Medeiros, A. B. P., Yamaguishi, C. T., Lindner, J. D. D., ... & Thomaz-Soccol, V. (2010). The potential of probiotics: a review.
[5] Williams, N. T. (2010). Probiotics. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 67(6), 449–458.
[6] Michail, S., Sylvester, F., Fuchs, G., & Issenman, R. (2006). Clinical efficacy of probiotics: review of the evidence with focus on children. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 43(4), 550–557.
[7] Hojsak, I. (2017). Probiotics in children: what is the evidence?. Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition, 20(3), 139-146.
[8] Vernon-Roberts, A., Alexander, I., & Day, A. S. (2021). Systematic Review of Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (Rome IV Criteria). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(21), 5087.
[9] Carco, C., Young, W., Gearry, R. B., Talley, N. J., McNabb, W. C., & Roy, N. C. (2020). Increasing Evidence That Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Have a Microbial Pathogenesis. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
[10] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World journal of gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875–1901.
[11] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World Journal Of Gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875-1901.
[12]Kamphorst, K., Van Daele, E., Vlieger, A. M., Daams, J. G., Knol, J., & Van Elburg, R. M. (2021). Early life antibiotics and childhood gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 5(1).
[13] Gwee, K. A., Lee, W. R. W., Chua, Q., Chiou, F. K., Aw, M. M., & Koh, Y. H. (2025). The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 40(1), 41-47.
[14] Guamán, L. P., Carrera-Pacheco, S. E., Zúñiga-Miranda, J., Teran, E., Erazo, C., & Barba-Ostria, C. (2024). The Impact of Bioactive Molecules from Probiotics on Child Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 16(21), 3706.
[15] Cruchet Muñoz, S., Verbeke Palma, S., Lera Marqués, L., Espinosa Pizarro, M. N., Malig Mechasqui, J., & Sorensen, K. (2024). Effects of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 in Children and Adolescents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients, 16(12), 1967.
[16] Hurych, J., Oscarsson, E., Håkanson, Å., Jirků-Pomajbíková, K., Jirků, M., Aronson, C. A., ... & HEDIMED Investigator Group. (2023). Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei supplementation on the single-cell fecal parasitome in children with celiac disease autoimmunity: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Parasites & Vectors, 16(1), 411.
[17] Martinelli, M., Banderali, G., Bobbio, M., Civardi, E., Chiara, A., D’Elios, S., ... & Villani, A. (2020). Probiotics’ efficacy in paediatric diseases: which is the evidence? A critical review on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Italian journal of pediatrics, 46, 1-13.
[18] Jones, E. A., Mitra, A. K., Bisht, A., Edet, P. P., Iseguede, F., & Okoye, E. (2023). Probiotics in gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review. IMC J. Med. Sci, 17(010).
[19] Capozza, M., Laforgia, N., Rizzo, V., Salvatore, S., Guandalini, S., & Baldassarre, M. (2022). Probiotics and functional gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric age: a narrative review. Frontiers in pediatrics, 10, 805466.
[20] García-Santos, J. A., Nieto-Ruiz, A., García-Ricobaraza, M., Cerdó, T., & Campoy, C. (2023). Impact of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in the pediatric population. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(11), 9427.
[21]Szajewska, H., Canani, R. B., Domellöf, M., Guarino, A., Hojsak, I., Indrio, F., ... & Weizman, Z. (2023). Probiotics for the management of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders: position paper of the ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 76(2), 232-247.
[22] Gwee KA, Lee WRW, Chua Q, Chiou FK, Aw MM, Koh YH. The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;40(1):41-47.
[23] Khanna HN, Roy S, Shaikh A, Chhabra R, Uddin A. Impact of probiotic supplements on behavioural and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025;9(1):e003045.
[24] Dong M, Wu Y, Zhang M, Chen P, Zhang Z, Wang S. Effect of probiotics intake on constipation in children: an umbrella review. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1218909.
[1] Cecilia, H. C., Guadalupe, A. A. M., & Graciela, C. E. (2011). Situación de las enfermedades gastrointestinales en México. Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología, 31(4), 137.
[2] Vila, J., Álvarez-Martínez, M. J., Buesa, J., & Castillo, J. (2009). Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones gastrointestinales. Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiología Clínica, 27(7), 406–411.
[3] Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., Clemencia, V. G. M., Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., & Clemencia, V. G. M. (2022). Propuesta de intervención educativa para prevenir los factores de riesgo que determinan la prevalencia de infecciones gastrointestinales en niños menores de 5 años. Conrado, 18(87), 379-389.
[4] Soccol, C. R., Vandenberghe, L. D. S., Spier, M. R., Medeiros, A. B. P., Yamaguishi, C. T., Lindner, J. D. D., ... & Thomaz-Soccol, V. (2010). The potential of probiotics: a review.
[5] Williams, N. T. (2010). Probiotics. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 67(6), 449–458.
[6] Michail, S., Sylvester, F., Fuchs, G., & Issenman, R. (2006). Clinical efficacy of probiotics: review of the evidence with focus on children. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 43(4), 550–557.
[7] Hojsak, I. (2017). Probiotics in children: what is the evidence?. Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition, 20(3), 139-146.
[8] Vernon-Roberts, A., Alexander, I., & Day, A. S. (2021). Systematic Review of Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (Rome IV Criteria). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(21), 5087.
[9] Carco, C., Young, W., Gearry, R. B., Talley, N. J., McNabb, W. C., & Roy, N. C. (2020). Increasing Evidence That Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Have a Microbial Pathogenesis. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
[10] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World journal of gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875–1901.
[11] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World Journal Of Gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875-1901.
[12]Kamphorst, K., Van Daele, E., Vlieger, A. M., Daams, J. G., Knol, J., & Van Elburg, R. M. (2021). Early life antibiotics and childhood gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 5(1).
[13] Gwee, K. A., Lee, W. R. W., Chua, Q., Chiou, F. K., Aw, M. M., & Koh, Y. H. (2025). The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 40(1), 41-47.
[14] Guamán, L. P., Carrera-Pacheco, S. E., Zúñiga-Miranda, J., Teran, E., Erazo, C., & Barba-Ostria, C. (2024). The Impact of Bioactive Molecules from Probiotics on Child Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 16(21), 3706.
[15] Cruchet Muñoz, S., Verbeke Palma, S., Lera Marqués, L., Espinosa Pizarro, M. N., Malig Mechasqui, J., & Sorensen, K. (2024). Effects of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 in Children and Adolescents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients, 16(12), 1967.
[16] Hurych, J., Oscarsson, E., Håkanson, Å., Jirků-Pomajbíková, K., Jirků, M., Aronson, C. A., ... & HEDIMED Investigator Group. (2023). Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei supplementation on the single-cell fecal parasitome in children with celiac disease autoimmunity: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Parasites & Vectors, 16(1), 411.
[17] Martinelli, M., Banderali, G., Bobbio, M., Civardi, E., Chiara, A., D’Elios, S., ... & Villani, A. (2020). Probiotics’ efficacy in paediatric diseases: which is the evidence? A critical review on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Italian journal of pediatrics, 46, 1-13.
[18] Jones, E. A., Mitra, A. K., Bisht, A., Edet, P. P., Iseguede, F., & Okoye, E. (2023). Probiotics in gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review. IMC J. Med. Sci, 17(010).
[19] Capozza, M., Laforgia, N., Rizzo, V., Salvatore, S., Guandalini, S., & Baldassarre, M. (2022). Probiotics and functional gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric age: a narrative review. Frontiers in pediatrics, 10, 805466.
[20] García-Santos, J. A., Nieto-Ruiz, A., García-Ricobaraza, M., Cerdó, T., & Campoy, C. (2023). Impact of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in the pediatric population. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(11), 9427.
[21]Szajewska, H., Canani, R. B., Domellöf, M., Guarino, A., Hojsak, I., Indrio, F., ... & Weizman, Z. (2023). Probiotics for the management of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders: position paper of the ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 76(2), 232-247.
[22] Gwee KA, Lee WRW, Chua Q, Chiou FK, Aw MM, Koh YH. The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;40(1):41-47.
[23] Khanna HN, Roy S, Shaikh A, Chhabra R, Uddin A. Impact of probiotic supplements on behavioural and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025;9(1):e003045.
[24] Dong M, Wu Y, Zhang M, Chen P, Zhang Z, Wang S. Effect of probiotics intake on constipation in children: an umbrella review. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1218909.
[1] Cecilia, H. C., Guadalupe, A. A. M., & Graciela, C. E. (2011). Situación de las enfermedades gastrointestinales en México. Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología, 31(4), 137.
[2] Vila, J., Álvarez-Martínez, M. J., Buesa, J., & Castillo, J. (2009). Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones gastrointestinales. Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiología Clínica, 27(7), 406–411.
[3] Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., Clemencia, V. G. M., Mireya, A. P. O., Ribel, N. C. Z., & Clemencia, V. G. M. (2022). Propuesta de intervención educativa para prevenir los factores de riesgo que determinan la prevalencia de infecciones gastrointestinales en niños menores de 5 años. Conrado, 18(87), 379-389.
[4] Soccol, C. R., Vandenberghe, L. D. S., Spier, M. R., Medeiros, A. B. P., Yamaguishi, C. T., Lindner, J. D. D., ... & Thomaz-Soccol, V. (2010). The potential of probiotics: a review.
[5] Williams, N. T. (2010). Probiotics. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 67(6), 449–458.
[6] Michail, S., Sylvester, F., Fuchs, G., & Issenman, R. (2006). Clinical efficacy of probiotics: review of the evidence with focus on children. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 43(4), 550–557.
[7] Hojsak, I. (2017). Probiotics in children: what is the evidence?. Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition, 20(3), 139-146.
[8] Vernon-Roberts, A., Alexander, I., & Day, A. S. (2021). Systematic Review of Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (Rome IV Criteria). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(21), 5087.
[9] Carco, C., Young, W., Gearry, R. B., Talley, N. J., McNabb, W. C., & Roy, N. C. (2020). Increasing Evidence That Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Have a Microbial Pathogenesis. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,
[10] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World journal of gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875–1901.
[11] Saeed, N. K., Al-Beltagi, M., Bediwy, A. S., El-Sawaf, Y., & Toema, O. (2022). Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World Journal Of Gastroenterology, 28(18), 1875-1901.
[12]Kamphorst, K., Van Daele, E., Vlieger, A. M., Daams, J. G., Knol, J., & Van Elburg, R. M. (2021). Early life antibiotics and childhood gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 5(1).
[13] Gwee, K. A., Lee, W. R. W., Chua, Q., Chiou, F. K., Aw, M. M., & Koh, Y. H. (2025). The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 40(1), 41-47.
[14] Guamán, L. P., Carrera-Pacheco, S. E., Zúñiga-Miranda, J., Teran, E., Erazo, C., & Barba-Ostria, C. (2024). The Impact of Bioactive Molecules from Probiotics on Child Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 16(21), 3706.
[15] Cruchet Muñoz, S., Verbeke Palma, S., Lera Marqués, L., Espinosa Pizarro, M. N., Malig Mechasqui, J., & Sorensen, K. (2024). Effects of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 in Children and Adolescents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients, 16(12), 1967.
[16] Hurych, J., Oscarsson, E., Håkanson, Å., Jirků-Pomajbíková, K., Jirků, M., Aronson, C. A., ... & HEDIMED Investigator Group. (2023). Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei supplementation on the single-cell fecal parasitome in children with celiac disease autoimmunity: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Parasites & Vectors, 16(1), 411.
[17] Martinelli, M., Banderali, G., Bobbio, M., Civardi, E., Chiara, A., D’Elios, S., ... & Villani, A. (2020). Probiotics’ efficacy in paediatric diseases: which is the evidence? A critical review on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Italian journal of pediatrics, 46, 1-13.
[18] Jones, E. A., Mitra, A. K., Bisht, A., Edet, P. P., Iseguede, F., & Okoye, E. (2023). Probiotics in gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review. IMC J. Med. Sci, 17(010).
[19] Capozza, M., Laforgia, N., Rizzo, V., Salvatore, S., Guandalini, S., & Baldassarre, M. (2022). Probiotics and functional gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric age: a narrative review. Frontiers in pediatrics, 10, 805466.
[20] García-Santos, J. A., Nieto-Ruiz, A., García-Ricobaraza, M., Cerdó, T., & Campoy, C. (2023). Impact of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in the pediatric population. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(11), 9427.
[21]Szajewska, H., Canani, R. B., Domellöf, M., Guarino, A., Hojsak, I., Indrio, F., ... & Weizman, Z. (2023). Probiotics for the management of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders: position paper of the ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 76(2), 232-247.
[22] Gwee KA, Lee WRW, Chua Q, Chiou FK, Aw MM, Koh YH. The evidence for probiotics in the treatment of digestive disorders in the pediatric population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;40(1):41-47.
[23] Khanna HN, Roy S, Shaikh A, Chhabra R, Uddin A. Impact of probiotic supplements on behavioural and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025;9(1):e003045.
[24] Dong M, Wu Y, Zhang M, Chen P, Zhang Z, Wang S. Effect of probiotics intake on constipation in children: an umbrella review. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1218909.
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2026-01-05
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Bautista Zavala, G. J., García Martínez , R., Ramírez Moreno, E., Delgado Olivares , L., Mérida Pérez , F. S., Reyes Castillo , A., & Hernández Torres, K. V. (2026). Probióticos: héroes sin capa en enfermedades gastrointestinales en niños. Boletín De Ciencias Agropecuarias Del ICAP, 12(23), 38–42. https://doi.org/10.29057/icap.v12i23.15105
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Derechos de autor 2025 Guillermo J Bautista Zavala, Rosario García Martínez , Esther Ramírez Moreno, Luis Delgado Olivares , Frida S Mérida Pérez , Angélica Reyes Castillo , Karla Valeria Hernández Torres
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
