Complicaciones obstétrico-neonatales de la diabetes gestacional: revisión sistemática
Resumen
Analizar las evidencias aportadas referentes a las complicaciones neonatales y obstétricas derivadas de la diabetes gestacional. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura científica, PUBMED, ScienceDirect con varias estrategias de búsqueda garantizando la exhaustividad y reproducibilidad de las fases de la guía PRISMA. Se incluyeron 13 estudios, 10 evaluaron simultáneamente complicaciones obstétricas y neonatales, el resto (3) evaluaron solo complicaciones neonatales. La prevalencia de DMG (diabetes mellitus gestacional) fue de 12.5% (65,852 de 527,351). Las complicaciones obstétricas incluyen: cesárea de urgencia (OR 1.1 a 2.37), preeclampsia con un rango de OR de 1.1 hasta 2.96 y prematuridad (OR 1.1 a 2.3). Las complicaciones neonatales más frecuentes son: macrosomía con un rango de OR de 1.2 hasta 5.2, con prevalencia de 10.3%; mientras que la hipoglicemia es la que presenta un riesgo mayor (OR 3.19-11.97), otras complicaciones incluyen talla mayor para la edad gestacional OR de 1.3 hasta 3.43; asfixia perinatal (OR 1.2-3.4); distocia de hombros (OR 1.3-2.56); distress respiratorio (OR 1.3-2) e hiperbilirrubinemia (OR 1.02-1.39). No se encontró mayor riesgo de presentar muerte perinatal, el rango de OR reportado es de 0.7-0.8. Las complicaciones de la diabetes gestacional tanto obstétricas como neonatales son muy prevalentes y pueden llegar a requerir cuidados intensivos, siendo un problema de salud pública de gran relevancia. Aunque se ha establecido un tamiz eficiente para la detección temprana de diabetes gestacional se requieren mayores esfuerzos para cumplirlo y poder evitar estas complicaciones.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Stivalitt Esmeralda Valdez Vargas, Eréndira Leticia Chávez-González
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
