Thermochemical treatments
Abstract
In the present work, a very general description of the main thermochemical treatments used to improve the surface properties of various substrates is given. Surface engineering represents a technically attractive and economically viable method for improving the surface layer of materials. Since the surface of the material controls the useful life in many applications, the aim is to develop a wide range of functional properties that are different from the base substrate, including physical, chemical, electrical, electronic, magnetic or mechanical. As part of surface engineering, thermochemical treatment uses thermal diffusion to incorporate non-metallic or metallic atoms on the surface of the substrate to modify its chemistry and microstructure. The thermochemical treatments can be performed on solid, liquid or gaseous media with one or more active chemical elements simultaneously. For most thermochemical treatments, the mechanism includes the decomposition of solid, liquid or gaseous species, the division of gaseous molecules to form nascent atoms, the absorption of atoms, their diffusion in a metallic network and reactions within the substrate structure to modify existing phases or form new ones.
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