The Human Microbiome: Between health and disease
Abstract
The Human Microbiome Project analyzed and characterized at a genomic level the bacterial communities associated with humans. For the first time, the relationships between human beings and microorganisms have been visualized, as well as the variables and microbiological and clinical parameters that will allow better understand the disorders originated by the microbiome.
The cooperative interactions between microbes and hosts involve elementary host functions, such as defense, metabolism and reproduction. The variation of host microbiota is due to the introduction or extinction of particular microbial groups or changes in the structure of their population. For example, some investigations showed that the functional maturation of the intestinal microbiome during the first three years of life is common in three populations of different countries, and include age-associated changes with bacterial genes involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of vitamins.
The disappearance, eradication, disinfection or any similar term selectively of the microbiota could contribute to many diseases of the digestive system, predispose to obesity and its collateral damage, favor asthma and related disorders, as well as increase the spread of epidemics of high-risk pathogens. Future research should try to clarify and prevent these points, because the theoretical foundations indicate that the ecological changes that involve our ancestral microbiota could have the power to affect biochemistry, immunology, physiology and even psychologically, to our health.
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References
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