Psychological interventions for pain and anxiety management during bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

María Luisa Escamilla; Rebeca María Elena  Guzmán-Saldaña; Oscar Galindo-Vázquez; Annia Esther Vizcaino-Escobar

doi:10.29057/mjmr.v11i22.10610

María Luisa Escamilla Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6318-4519
Rebeca María Elena Guzmán-Saldaña Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-4871
Oscar Galindo-Vázquez Instituto Nacional de Cancerología https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9395-2921
Annia Esther Vizcaino-Escobar Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-5544

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29057/mjmr.v11i22.10610

Palabras clave: Aspirado y biopsia de médula ósea, ansiedad, dolor, intervenciones psicológicas, enfermedades onco-hematológicas

Resumen

El cáncer es la segunda causa de muerte en el mundo y la cuarta en México, entre sus tipos se encuentran las enfermedades onco-hematológicas. El padecer cáncer va a tener varias repercusiones en las personas que lo padecen, entre ellas, tener que someterse a procedimientos médicos-invasivos muy dolorosos, como es el caso del aspirado y biopsia de médula ósea, estándar de oro para el diagnóstico de estas patologías. La ansiedad ante el aspirado y biopsia de médula ósea es común, lo que incrementa el dolor y lo convierte en una experiencia traumática. Las estrategias farmacológicas no han sido del todo efectivas cuando del manejo del dolor se trata, por lo que se han estado buscando otro tipo de soluciones como las intervenciones psicológicas (psicoeducación, mindfulness y técnicas de distracción como la musicoterapia, autoinstrucciones, técnicas de respiración y relajación uso de realidad virtual y aplicaciones móviles). Las intervenciones psicológicas han mostrado ser eficaces en el manejo del dolor y la ansiedad, sin embargo, para que los pacientes tengan acceso a las mismas, es necesario incluir al psicólogo como parte del equipo multidisciplinario durante la realización de estos procedimientos.

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