La seguridad y salud ocupacional a través de los años

Atziri W. Sánchez-Oropeza; Isidro Jesús González-Hernández; Rafael  Granillo-Macias; Zaraeli Beltrán-Rodríguez; Leilani Ramírez-López; Brayan Sotero-Montalvo

doi:10.29057/escs.v9i17.7119

Atziri W. Sánchez-Oropeza Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1896-9528
Isidro Jesús González-Hernández Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2805-6674
Rafael Granillo-Macias Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1015-667X
Zaraeli Beltrán-Rodríguez Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9221-4302
Leilani Ramírez-López Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9593-5823
Brayan Sotero-Montalvo Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2456-564X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29057/escs.v9i17.7119

Keywords: Occupational health and safety, risks, technology

Abstract

Occupational Safety and Health is a multidisciplinary field that includes the recognition, prevention, and control of risks and dangers in the workplace to promote workers' safety and health. This discipline is the result of years of research and professional maturation of four drivers: best labor practices; certifications and education standards; laws, policies, and accidents; and technological advances. Therefore, this work aims to present the historical evolution of occupational health and safety through a qualitative description of a bibliographic and documentary nature to identify the challenges that existed in this discipline in industrial revolutions and identify which are the new ones. Industry 4.0 technologies that are being used for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems. The studies analyzed reveal that the techniques, procedures, and legislation on occupational safety and health throughout the world were limited compared to the technological developments that were generated in the first two industrial revolutions. In the context of the fourth industrial revolution, it was identified that the two most important risk factors that will constantly be present in the work areas are mental fatigue and psychological pressure. However, Industry 4.0 technologies such as the Internet of Things, Big Data, and advanced or intelligent sensors are being used to build platforms that allow predicting workplace accidents.

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