Dietary fiber vs obesity. How are the properties of dietary fiber related to the regulation of body weight?
Abstract
Obesity is a disease that currently has a high prevalence worldwide, in addition, it could trigger the development of other conditions related to the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the human body. This problem has led to the recommendation of timely treatment, through a healthy diet with a high content of dietary fiber (DF). Different food and health institutions have published the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) based on the level of consumption observed to prevent the onset of cardiovascular diseases. To achieve the recommended amounts of DF, it is preferable to select foods such as cereals, pseudocereals, legumes, fruits and vegetables within the diet, due to the fact that they are the foods that contain it. DF is a non-digestible component of food that has been studied extensively, however, its nutritional importance was recognized until the 1970s, demonstrating its positive association with the regulation of body weight and the reduction of adipocytes stored in the body. There are different classifications referring to DF, however, one of the most used is based on its ability to be solubilized "soluble (SDF) and insoluble (IDF)". It has been identified that FDS has a greater association with the properties, however, it is necessary that there is a balance between both fibers, because an excess of them could generate unwanted effects in our body. The main properties of DF are associated with its physicochemical attributes and include: its ability to absorb water and other substances, swell and increase its viscosity. In addition, it is capable of being fermented by the intestinal microbiota, generating metabolites beneficial to health. These properties participate in different mechanisms that decrease nutrient absorption, appetite suppression, and regulation of energy homeostasis by lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, it is important to know about the properties and mechanisms in which DF intervenes during digestion and how it affects health.
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References
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