Composition and clinical applications of domesticated chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) species
Abstract
The Capsicum genus originated in Latin America and spread to other continents through the exchange of spices. Its fruit is used fresh or dried to add colour, flavour and smell to dishes, salads and sauces. It has great commercial relevance worldwide, being the main producing countries China, Mexico and Turkey. There are five domesticated species, which are: C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. pubescens, C. frutescens and C. annuum. In general, the fruits of Capsicum have a great variety of sizes and shapes, and according to their state of maturity they present changes in the tonalities, which go from green to yellow, red and intense red tones. The fruits have bioactive compounds that can provide beneficial effects on health. The objective of the present work was to perform a review about the bioactive compounds of the different domesticated species of the genus Capsicum and its recent clinical applications. Due to the bioactive components of Capsicum species, studies show beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases, anti-inflammatory effects, weight control, cardiovascular, anti-diabetic, gastrointestinal and carcinogenic effects. Capsicum species have a prominent role in the medical field due to their ability to modulate and modify several processes at biological
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